Impact of periprosthetic femoral fracture fixation plating constructs on local stiffness, load transfer, and bone strains.

Secondary femoral fractures after the successful plate-screw fixation of a primary Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) have been associated with the altered state of stress/strain in the femur as the result of plating. The laterally implanted condyle-spanning plate-screw constructs have shown promises clinically in avoiding secondary bone and implant failures as compared with shorter diaphyseal plates. Though the condyle-spanning plating has been hypothesized to avoid stress concentration in the femoral diaphysis through increasing the working length of the plate, biomechanical evidence is lacking on how plate length may impact the stress/strain state of the implanted femur.

Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2019 Case of the Week series.

The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) is an international society focused on the research, education, and clinical application of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). The SCMR web site ( https://www.scmr.

What imaging can disclose about suspected stroke and its Tx.

Selecting useful modalities is key in early and later management of an acute ischemic event. This review-augmented by an at-a-glance table-can inform your care.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-derived mitral valve geometry in determining mitral regurgitation severity.

Background: Mitral regurgitation is the most common valvular heart disease worldwide. Magnetic resonance may be a useful tool to analyze mitral valve parameters.

Objective: To distinguish mitral valve geometric patterns in patients with different severities of mitral regurgitation (MR) based on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.

Can urine dipstick predict an elevated serum creatinine?

Objective: Chart review studies have suggested that point-of-care urine dipstick testing may accurately predict an elevation in serum creatinine (Cr). We aimed to prospectively evaluate the test characteristics of proteinuria/hematuria in predicting elevated serum Cr.

Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted between March 2007 and June 2008 at 2 affiliated, urban hospitals with an annual emergency department census of 150,000.

Dysregulated expression of Fau and MELK is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Introduction: Programmed cell death through apoptosis plays an essential role in the hormone-regulated physiological turnover of mammary tissue. Failure of this active gene-dependent process is central both to the development of breast cancer and to the appearance of the therapy-resistant cancer cells that produce clinical relapse. Functional expression cloning in two independent laboratories has identified Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus-associated ubiquitously expressed gene (Fau) as a novel apoptosis regulator and candidate tumour suppressor.

GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer.

Effective control of both cell survival and cell proliferation is critical to the prevention of oncogenesis and to successful cancer therapy. Using functional expression cloning, we have identified GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) as critical to the control of mammalian apoptosis and cell population growth. GAS5 transcripts are subject to complex post-transcriptional processing and some, but not all, GAS5 transcripts sensitize mammalian cells to apoptosis inducers.

Growth arrest in human T-cells is controlled by the non-coding RNA growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5).

The control of growth of lymphocyte populations is crucial to the physiological regulation of the immune system, and to the prevention of both leukaemic and autoimmune disease. This control is mediated through modulation of the cell cycle and regulation of cell death. During log-phase growth the rate of proliferation is high and there is a low rate of cell death.

Isolation of genes controlling apoptosis through their effects on cell survival.

The identification of the most suitable molecular targets for gene and drug therapy is the crucial first step in the development of new disease treatments. The rational identification of such targets depends on a detailed understanding of the pathological changes occuring at the molecular level. We have applied forward genetics approaches to the identification of the critical genes involved in the control of apoptosis in mammalian cells, since defective control of apoptosis underlies many diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Commitment to apoptosis induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha is dependent on caspase activity.

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha binding at the cell surface induces a complex series of signaling events culminating in the caspase cascade, which is central to apoptosis. However, recent work from several laboratories has questioned caspase involvement in commitment to cell death. We have therefore investigated the involvement of caspases in the crucial commitment stage of tumour necrosis factor-induced apoptosis in human T-leukaemic CEM-C7 cells and breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, using both peptide-based and viral caspase inhibitors.

A family of depsi-peptide fungal metabolites, as selective and competitive human tachykinin receptor (NK2) antagonists: fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties, and biological activity.

Four tachykinin (NK2) receptor inhibitors, SCH 378161 (1), SCH 217048 (2), SCH 378199 (3), and SCH 378167 (4) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a taxonomically unidentified fungus. These compounds were separated from the fermentation broth by ethyl acetate extraction. Purification and separation of the individual compounds were achieved by NK2 assay-guided fractionation using gel filtration, reverse phase chromatography and HPLC.

Molecular failure of apoptosis: inappropriate cell survival and mutagenesis?

Since cell death by apoptosis is achieved through complex interactions between numerous molecular components, cells may fail to die when stimulated because of molecular abnormalities in the apoptosis pathway or in its control mechanisms. Such inappropriate cell survival is well established when apoptosis is suppressed by elevated expression of bcl-2, at least for some cell types. Many cells undergo apoptosis at moderate levels of DNA damage and suppression of such apoptosis might be expected to increase the rate of mutation because of the persistence of cells with damaged DNA.

A family of novel macrocyclic lactones, the saccharocarcins produced by Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes subsp. antibiotica. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological properties.

A nocardioform actinomycete, SCC 1886, isolated from a soil sample collected in Ohio was found to produce, in fermentation, six novel macrocyclic lactones, the saccharocarcins. The producing culture was identified as Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes subsp. antibiotica based on the formation of fragmenting substrate mycelia, aerial mycelia that coalesce to form aerial colonies, whole-cell hydrolysates that contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and rhamnose and physiological comparisons to type species of the genus.

Isolation and structure of two novel muscarinic receptor antagonists.

The structures of two novel muscarinic receptor antagonists, 1 and 2, were determined by their spectral data and high-resolution mass measurements of their degradation products. Both are aliphatic long-chain compounds and contain amide and keto functionalities. The major microbial metabolite [1] contains three terminal guanidino groups and the minor compound [2] has two terminal guanidino groups.

Changes in leg volume during microgravity simulation.

Little published information exists regarding the magnitude and time course of cephalad fluid shift resulting from microgravity simulations. Six subjects were exposed to 150 min each at horizontal bed rest, 6 degrees head-down tilt, and horizontal water immersion. Fluid shift was estimated by calculating leg volumes from eight serial girth measurements from groin to ankle before, during, and after exposure.