Impact of tumor localization and choice of microvascular flap on posterior airway changes following ablative surgery in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma: A monocentric cross-sectional study.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of intraoral reconstructions following oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) resection with a free microvascular flap on the posterior airway space (PAS) and to correlate these results with the potential risk of developing an obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Materials And Methods: Only primary OSCC cases of the tongue or floor of the mouth which were operated and reconstructed. The PAS displayed in computed tomography (CT) scans at three time points were analyzed: t = preoperative, t = first postoperative CT, and t = most recent situation.

Uncovering genetic mimics in multiple sclerosis: A single-center clinical exome sequencing study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) shares clinical/radiological features with several monogenic diseases that can mimic MS.

Objective: We aimed to determine if exome sequencing can identify monogenic diseases in patients diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald criteria thus uncovering them as being misdiagnosed.

Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing in a cohort of 278 patients with MS, clinically or radiologically isolated syndrome without cerebrospinal fluid-specific oligoclonal bands (CSF-OCBs) (n = 228), a positive family history of MS (n = 44), or both (n = 6), thereby focusing on individuals potentially more likely to have underlying monogenic conditions mimicking MS.

Consistently lower volumes across thalamus nuclei in very premature-born adults.

Lasting thalamus volume reduction after preterm birth is a prominent finding. However, whether thalamic nuclei volumes are affected differentially by preterm birth and whether nuclei aberrations are relevant for cognitive functioning remains unknown. Using T1-weighted MR-images of 83 adults born very preterm (≤ 32 weeks' gestation; VP) and/or with very low body weight (≤ 1,500 g; VLBW) as well as of 92 full-term born (≥ 37 weeks' gestation) controls, we compared thalamic nuclei volumes of six subregions (anterior, lateral, ventral, intralaminar, medial, and pulvinar) across groups at the age of 26 years.

[Trigeminal neuralgia: drug therapy : The new German guideline].

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by severe, lightning-like attacks of pain, which are mandatory for the diagnosis. The pain typically occurs on one side and is often triggered by simply touching the face, chewing or talking. In acute exacerbations, this can also hinder food and fluid intake, resulting in a life-threatening clinical picture.

Macro- and microvascular contributions to cerebral structural alterations in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

Atherosclerosis can underly internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS), a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, as well as small vessel disease (SVD). This study aimed to investigate hemodynamics and structural alterations associated with SVD in ICAS patients. 28 patients with unilateral asymptomatic ICAS and 30 age-matched controls underwent structural (T1-/T2-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging [DTI]) and hemodynamic (pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast) magnetic resonance imaging.

Removing outliers from the normative database improves regional atrophy detection in single-subject voxel-based morphometry.

Purpose: Single-subject voxel-based morphometry (VBM) compares an individual T1-weighted MRI to a sample of normal MRI in a normative database (NDB) to detect regional atrophy. Outliers in the NDB might result in reduced sensitivity of VBM. The primary aim of the current study was to propose a method for outlier removal ("NDB cleaning") and to test its impact on the performance of VBM for detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

How AI should be used in radiology: assessing ambiguity and completeness of intended use statements of commercial AI products.

Background: Intended use statements (IUSs) are mandatory to obtain regulatory clearance for artificial intelligence (AI)-based medical devices in the European Union. In order to guide the safe use of AI-based medical devices, IUSs need to contain comprehensive and understandable information. This study analyzes the IUSs of CE-marked AI products listed on AIforRadiology.

Normal cohorts in automated brain atrophy estimation: how many healthy subjects to include?

Objectives: This study investigates the influence of normal cohort (NC) size and the impact of different NCs on automated MRI-based brain atrophy estimation.

Methods: A pooled NC of 3945 subjects (NC) was retrospectively created from five publicly available cohorts. Voxel-wise gray matter volume atrophy maps were calculated for 48 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (55-82 years) using veganbagel and dynamic normal templates with an increasing number of healthy subjects randomly drawn from NC (initially three, and finally 100 subjects).

Lower cortical thickness and increased brain aging in adults with cocaine use disorder.

Background: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a global health issue with severe behavioral and cognitive sequelae. While previous evidence suggests a variety of structural and age-related brain changes in CUD, the impact on both, cortical thickness and brain age measures remains unclear.

Methods: Derived from a publicly available data set (SUDMEX_CONN), 74 CUD patients and 62 matched healthy controls underwent brain MRI and behavioral-clinical assessment.

Voxel-based morphometry in single subjects without a scanner-specific normal database using a convolutional neural network.

Objectives: Reliable detection of disease-specific atrophy in individual T1w-MRI by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) requires scanner-specific normal databases (NDB), which often are not available. The aim of this retrospective study was to design, train, and test a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for single-subject VBM without the need for a NDB (CNN-VBM).

Materials And Methods: The training dataset comprised 8945 T1w scans from 65 different scanners.

Indirect evidence for altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in very premature-born adults.

While animal models indicate altered brain dopaminergic neurotransmission after premature birth, corresponding evidence in humans is scarce due to missing molecular imaging studies. To overcome this limitation, we studied dopaminergic neurotransmission changes in human prematurity indirectly by evaluating the spatial co-localization of regional alterations in blood oxygenation fluctuations with the distribution of adult dopaminergic neurotransmission. The study cohort comprised 99 very premature-born (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight below 1500 g) and 107 full-term born young adults, being assessed by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and IQ testing.

AI-based detection of contrast-enhancing MRI lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Contrast-enhancing (CE) lesions are an important finding on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but can be missed easily. Automated solutions for reliable CE lesion detection are emerging; however, independent validation of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the clinical routine is still rare.

Methods: A three-dimensional convolutional neural network for CE lesion segmentation was trained externally on 1488 datasets of 934 MS patients from 81 scanners using concatenated information from FLAIR and T1-weighted post-contrast imaging.

Fighting Post-COVID and ME/CFS - development of curative therapies.

The sequela of COVID-19 include a broad spectrum of symptoms that fall under the umbrella term post-COVID-19 condition or syndrome (PCS). Immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, endothelial dysfunction, viral persistence, and viral reactivation have been identified as potential mechanisms. However, there is heterogeneity in expression of biomarkers, and it is unknown yet whether these distinguish different clinical subgroups of PCS.

Altered gray-to-white matter tissue contrast in preterm-born adults.

Aims: To investigate cortical organization in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of preterm-born adults using percent contrast of gray-to-white matter signal intensities (GWPC), which is an in vivo proxy measure for cortical microstructure.

Methods: Using structural MRI, we analyzed GWPC at different percentile fractions across the cortex (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) in a large and prospectively collected cohort of 86 very preterm-born (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight <1500 g, VP/VLBW) adults and 103 full-term controls at 26 years of age. Cognitive performance was assessed by full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Elecsys Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoassays Accurately Detect Alzheimer's Disease Regardless of Concomitant Small Vessel Disease.

Background: Differentiating dementia due to small vessel disease (SVD) from dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) with concomitant SVD is challenging in clinical practice. Accurate and early diagnosis of AD is critical to delivering stratified patient care.

Objective: We characterized the results of Elecsys® cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd) in patients with early AD, diagnosed using core clinical criteria, with varying extent of SVD.

Artificial intelligence tools in clinical neuroradiology: essential medico-legal aspects.

Commercial software based on artificial intelligence (AI) is entering clinical practice in neuroradiology. Consequently, medico-legal aspects of using Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) become increasingly important. These medico-legal issues warrant an interdisciplinary approach and may affect the way we work in daily practice.

Aberrant allometric scaling of cortical folding in preterm-born adults.

A universal allometric scaling law has been proposed to describe cortical folding of the mammalian brain as a function of the product of cortical surface area and the square root of cortical thickness across different mammalian species, including humans. Since these cortical properties are vulnerable to developmental disturbances caused by preterm birth in humans and since these alterations are related to cognitive impairments, we tested (i) whether cortical folding in preterm-born adults follows this cortical scaling law and (ii) the functional relevance of potential scaling aberrances. We analysed the cortical scaling relationship in a large and prospectively collected cohort of 91 very premature-born adults (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birthweight <1500 g, very preterm and/or very low birth weight) and 105 full-term controls at 26 years of age based on the total surface area, exposed surface area and average cortical thickness measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging and surface-based morphometry.

Lower hypothalamus subunit volumes link with impaired long-term body weight gain after preterm birth.

Introduction: Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk for impaired body weight gain. While it is known that in prematurity several somatic and environmental factors (e.g.

Aberrant claustrum structure in preterm-born neonates: an MRI study.

The human claustrum is a gray matter structure in the white matter between insula and striatum. Previous analysis found altered claustrum microstructure in very preterm-born adults associated with lower cognitive performance. As the claustrum development is related to hypoxia-ischemia sensitive transient cell populations being at-risk in premature birth, we hypothesized that claustrum structure is already altered in preterm-born neonates.

Reducing instability of inter-subject covariance of FDG uptake networks using structure-weighted sparse estimation approach.

Purpose: Sparse inverse covariance estimation (SICE) is increasingly utilized to estimate inter-subject covariance of FDG uptake (FDG) as proxy of metabolic brain connectivity. However, this statistical method suffers from the lack of robustness in the connectivity estimation. Patterns of FDG were observed to be spatially similar with patterns of structural connectivity as obtained from DTI imaging.

Elecsys Cerebrospinal Fluid Assays Accurately Distinguish Alzheimer's Disease from Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are heterogeneous in their clinical presentation and underlying pathology, but they often have overlapping features. Diagnostic accuracy is critical for guiding patient management. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostic assays for the differentiation of AD and FTLD may increase diagnostic accuracy.