Lack of change in the respiratory quotient during oxygen supply dependence in endotoxemic shock: a subanalysis of an experimental controlled study.

Objective: To evaluate if the reductions in systemic and renal oxygen consumption are associated with the development of evidence of anaerobic metabolism.

Methods: This is a subanalysis of a previously published study. In anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep, we measured the respiratory quotient by indirect calorimetry and its systemic, renal, and intestinal surrogates (the ratios of the venous-arterial carbon dioxide pressure and content difference to the arterial-venous oxygen content difference.

Microcirculatory effects of rewarming in experimental hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Rewarming is a recommended therapy during the resuscitation of hypothermic patients with hemorrhagic shock. In experimental models, however, it increases inflammatory response and mortality. Although microcirculation is potential target of inflammation, the microvascular effects of rewarming during the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock have not been studied.

Effects of Systemic Hypothermia on Microcirculation in Conditions of Hemodynamic Stability and in Hemorrhagic Shock.

Introduction: Although hypothermia is independently associated with an increased mortality in trauma patients, it might be an effective therapeutic approach for otherwise lethal hemorrhage. The effect of hypothermia on microcirculation, however, has been poorly studied in this setting. Our goal was to characterize the effects of hypothermia on microcirculation in normal conditions and in severe hemorrhagic shock.

Effects of fluid and norepinephrine resuscitation in a sheep model of endotoxin shock and acute kidney injury.

The pathophysiology of renal failure in septic shock is complex. Although microvascular dysfunction has been proposed as a mechanism, there are controversial findings about the characteristics of microvascular redistribution and the effects of resuscitation. Our hypothesis was that the normalization of systemic hemodynamics with fluids and norepinephrine fails to improve acute kidney injury.

Venoarterial PCO-to-arteriovenous oxygen content difference ratio is a poor surrogate for anaerobic metabolism in hemodilution: an experimental study.

Background: The identification of anaerobic metabolism in critically ill patients is a challenging task. Observational studies have suggested that the ratio of venoarterial PCO (PCO) to arteriovenous oxygen content difference (CO) might be a good surrogate for respiratory quotient (RQ). Yet PCO/CO might be increased by other factors, regardless of anaerobic metabolism.

Intestinal and sublingual microcirculation are more severely compromised in hemodilution than in hemorrhage.

The alterations in O2 extraction in hemodilution have been linked to fast red blood cell (RBC) velocity, which might affect the complete release of O2 from Hb. Fast RBC velocity might also explain the normal mucosal-arterial Pco2 (ΔPco2). Yet sublingual and intestinal microcirculation have not been completely characterized in extreme hemodilution.

Systemic and microcirculatory responses to progressive hemorrhage.

Objective: To compare systemic hemodynamics with microcirculatory changes at different vascular beds during progressive hemorrhage.

Setting: University-based research laboratory.

Subjects: Twelve anesthetized, mechanically ventilated sheep.

Persistent villi hypoperfusion explains intramucosal acidosis in sheep endotoxemia.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that persistent villi hypoperfusion explains intramucosal acidosis after endotoxemic shock resuscitation.

Design: Controlled experimental study.

Setting: University-based research laboratory.

Effects of levosimendan and dobutamine in experimental acute endotoxemia: a preliminary controlled study.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that levosimendan increases systemic and intestinal oxygen delivery (DO(2)) and prevents intramucosal acidosis in septic shock.

Design: Prospective, controlled experimental study.

Setting: University-based research laboratory.

Effects of levosimendan in normodynamic endotoxaemia: a controlled experimental study.

Objectives: Levosimendan is an inotropic and vasodilator drug that has proved to be useful in cardiogenic shock. Pretreatment with levosimendan in experimental hypodynamic septic shock in pigs has shown valuable effects in oxygen transport. Our goal was to assess the effects of levosimendan in a normodynamic model of endotoxaemia.