Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Subtypes Classified by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes: Results of a Mexican Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study "Cuido Mi Embarazo".

Purpose: This study explores the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subtypes classified by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) values on maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Patients And Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study (May 2019-December 2022) included participants from the Mexican multicenter cohort study (CME). Women were classified into four groups per 75-g 2-h OGTT: 1) normal glucose tolerance (normal OGTT), 2) GDM-Sensitivity (isolated abnormal fasting or abnormal fasting in combination with 1-h or 2-h abnormal results), 3) GDM-Secretion (isolated abnormal values at 1-h or 2-h or their combination), and 4) GDM-Mixed (three abnormal values).

Sex differences in the influence of type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related genes, parental history of T2D, and obesity on T2D development: a case-control study.

Background: This study investigated the effect of sex and age at type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis on the influence of T2D-related genes, parental history of T2D, and obesity on T2D development.

Methods: In this case-control study, 1012 T2D cases and 1008 healthy subjects were selected from the Diabetes in Mexico Study database. Participants were stratified by sex and age at T2D diagnosis (early, ≤ 45 years; late, ≥ 46 years).

MIDO GDM: an innovative artificial intelligence-based prediction model for the development of gestational diabetes in Mexican women.

Given the barriers to early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), this study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prediction model for GDM in pregnant Mexican women. Data were retrieved from 1709 pregnant women who participated in the multicenter prospective cohort study 'Cuido mi embarazo'. A machine-learning-driven method was used to select the best predictive variables for GDM risk: age, family history of type 2 diabetes, previous diagnosis of hypertension, pregestational body mass index, gestational week, parity, birth weight of last child, and random capillary glucose.

Development and validation of a multivariable genotype-informed gestational diabetes prediction algorithm for clinical use in the Mexican population: insights into susceptibility mechanisms.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is underdiagnosed in Mexico. Early GDM risk stratification through prediction modeling is expected to improve preventative care. We developed a GDM risk assessment model that integrates both genetic and clinical variables.

Evaluation of effective coverage for type 2 diabetes in Mexican primary care health information systems: a retrospective registry analysis.

Background: As the leading cause of disability and the fourth leading cause of premature death in Mexico, type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a serious public health concern. The incidence of diabetes has increased dramatically in recent years, and data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) indicate that many people remain undiagnosed. Persistent socioeconomic health care barriers exacerbate this situation, as T2D morbidity and mortality are worsened in vulnerable populations, such as those without social security.

Novel clinical and immunological features associated with persistent post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 after six months of follow-up: a pilot study.

Background: Currently, there is scant information regarding the features associated to the persistence of post-COVID-19 syndrome, which is the main aim of the present study.

Methods: A cohort study of 102 COVID-19 patients was conducted. The post-COVID-19 symptoms were assessed by a standardised questionnaire.

Type 2 diabetes epidemic in Mexico. Burden of disease 1990-2021 analysis and implications for public policies.

Background: Mexico faces a challenge due to the burden imposed by type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: To analyze T2D epidemiology and burden in Mexico from 1990 to 2021, at the national and state levels.

Material And Methods: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study were used to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, fatal and non-fatal burden.

MIDO COVID: A digital public health strategy designed to tackle chronic disease and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

Screening, prevention, and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs, including obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes) is the core function of Integrated Measurement for Early Detection (MIDO), a digital strategy developed by the Carlos Slim Foundation in Mexico. An extension of this strategy, MIDO COVID, was developed to address the need for an integrated plan in primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. MIDO COVID facilitates planning, surveillance, testing, and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the major NCDs and their pre-disease states, to streamline the continuum of care.

Symptom cluster analysis of long COVID-19 in patients discharged from the Temporary COVID-19 Hospital in Mexico City.

Introduction: Several reports have emerged describing the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and its effects on multiple systems.

Methods: As further research is needed, we conducted a longitudinal observational study to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of the long-term health consequences of COVID-19 by symptom clusters in patients discharged from the Temporary COVID-19 Hospital (TCH) in Mexico City. Self-reported clinical symptom data were collected telephone calls over 90 days post-discharge.

Rapid establishment of a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Mexico city during a public health crisis.

Healthcare systems worldwide have adapted and reorganized during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we provide a framework based on a public-private partnership that funded, developed, and operated a temporary COVID-19 hospital in Mexico City. We describe the creation of a collaborative network of primary healthcare triage centers and hospitals distributed throughout the city in recognition of demographic and geographic patterns that correlate with COVID-19 infections, including marginalized and impoverished areas of Mexico City.

High-flow nasal cannula therapy for hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19.

Introduction: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 is poorly understood and remains controversial.

Methods: We evaluated a large cohort of patients with COVID-19-related hypoxemic respiratory failure at the temporary COVID-19 hospital in Mexico City. The primary outcome was the success rate of HFNC to prevent the progression to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Integrated Measurement for Early Detection (MIDO) as a digital strategy for timely assessment of non-communicable disease profiles and factors associated with unawareness and control: a retrospective observational study in primary healthcare facilities in Mexico.

Objectives: The Carlos Slim Foundation implemented the Integrated Measurement for Early Detection (MIDO), a screening strategy for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Mexico as part of CASALUD, a portfolio of digital health services focusing on healthcare delivery and prevention/management of NCDs. We investigated the disease profile of the screened population and evaluated MIDO's contribution to the continuum of care of the main NCDs.

Design: Using data from MIDO and the chronic diseases information system, we quantified the proportion of the population screened and diagnosed with NCDs, and measured care linkage/retention and level of control achieved.

Impact of preemptive hospitalization on health outcomes at the temporary COVID-19 hospital in Mexico City: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: In response to the evolution of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the admission protocol for the temporary COVID-19 hospital in Mexico City has been updated to hospitalize patients preemptively with an oxygen saturation (SpO) of >90%.

Methods: This prospective, observational, single-center study compared the progression and outcomes of patients who were preemptively hospitalized those who were hospitalized based on an SpO ⩽90%. We recorded patient demographics, clinical characteristics, COVID-19 symptoms, and oxygen requirement at admission.

A systematic review of historical and current trends in Chagas disease.

Introduction: Chagas disease (CD) is caused by . When acquired, the disease develops in stages. For diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required, and an extensive assessment of the patient's health should be performed.

Review: Type 2 diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean: Regional and country comparison on prevalence, trends, costs and expanded prevention.

Purpose: To present an overview of type 2 diabetes status in Latin America and the Caribbean region.

Methods: The data were collected from the International Diabetes Federation Atlas and other available published sources where we identified the prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean, the trends by regions, and sex. Also, we summarized the type 2 diabetes direct and indirect costs, and the current preventative programs and policies available for each region.

Online continuing medical education as a key link for successful noncommunicable disease self-management: the CASALUD™ Model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the benefits of online continuing medical education (CME) provided to health care professionals traveled along a patient "educational chain". In this study, the educational chain begins with the influence that CME can have on the quality of health care, with subsequent influence on patient knowledge, disease self-management, and disease biomarkers.

Methods: A total of 422 patients with at least one noncommunicable disease (NCD) treated in eight different Mexican public health clinics were followed over 3 years.

A Policy Analysis on the Proactive Prevention of Chronic Disease: Learnings from the Initial Implementation of Integrated Measurement for Early Detection (MIDO).

Mexico, like many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), faces an epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), specifically diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and lipid disorders. Many people with these NCDs may not be aware that they have a disease, pointing to the need for broader screening programs. The traditional prevention policy in Mexico was based on screening with a paper-based risk factor questionnaire.

Enablers and inhibitors of the implementation of the Casalud Model, a Mexican innovative healthcare model for non-communicable disease prevention and control.

Background: The Mexican healthcare system is under increasing strain due to the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (especially type 2 diabetes), mounting costs, and a reactive curative approach focused on treating existing diseases and their complications rather than preventing them. Casalud is a comprehensive primary healthcare model that enables proactive prevention and disease management throughout the continuum of care, using innovative technologies and a patient-centred approach.

Methods: Data were collected over a 2-year period in eight primary health clinics (PHCs) in two states in central Mexico to identify and assess enablers and inhibitors of the implementation process of Casalud.

CASALUD: an innovative health-care system to control and prevent non-communicable diseases in Mexico.

Mexico and other Latin American countries are currently facing a dramatic increase in the number of adults suffering from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), which require prolonged, continuous care. This epidemiological shift has created new challenges for health-care systems. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN) have recognised the growing human and economic costs of NCDs and outlined an action plan, recognising that NCDs are preventable, often with common preventable risk factors linked to risky health behaviours.

Strengthening vaccination policies in Latin America: an evidence-based approach.

Despite many successes in the region, Latin American vaccination policies have significant shortcomings, and further work is needed to maintain progress and prepare for the introduction of newly available vaccines. In order to address the challenges facing Latin America, the Commission for the Future of Vaccines in Latin America (COFVAL) has made recommendations for strengthening evidence-based policy-making and reducing regional inequalities in immunisation. We have conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess the feasibility of these recommendations.

[Casalud: innovations for the transformation of health systems].

The increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has impacted the health systems by demanding unbearable costs of care and diminishing people's quality of life. The Instituto Carlos Slim de la Salud, a non-profit organization, has developed the model Casalud to convene partnerships with state governments to establish a reengineering process of primary care clinics, improving the delivery of services and leveraging on the different technological platforms to connect them with the households. The model Casalud strengthens the delivery of services and increases the timely demand of care.