Urea Is Both a Carbon and Nitrogen Source for : Tracking C Incorporation at Bloom pH Conditions.

The use of urea as a nitrogenous fertilizer has increased over the past two decades, with urea itself being readily detected at high concentrations in many lakes. Urea has been linked to cyanobacterial blooms as it is a readily assimilated nitrogen (N) - source for cyanobacteria that possess the enzyme urease. We tested the hypothesis that urea may also act as a carbon (C) source to supplemental growth requirements during the alkaline conditions created by dense cyanobacterial blooms, when concentrations of dissolved CO are vanishingly low.

Midgut metabolomic profiling of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) with field-evolved resistance to Cry1F corn.

Populations of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) have developed resistance to transgenic corn producing the Cry1F insecticidal protein from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Resistance in S. frugiperda from Puerto Rico is genetically linked to a mutation in an ATP Binding Cassette subfamily C2 gene (SfABCC2) that results in a truncated, non-functional Cry1F toxin receptor protein.

Integrated proteomics and metabolomics suggests symbiotic metabolism and multimodal regulation in a fungal-endobacterial system.

Many plant-associated fungi host endosymbiotic endobacteria with reduced genomes. While endobacteria play important roles in these tri-partite plant-fungal-endobacterial systems, the active physiology of fungal endobacteria has not been characterized extensively by systems biology approaches. Here, we use integrated proteomics and metabolomics to characterize the relationship between the endobacterium Mycoavidus sp.