Opioid Overdoses and Take-Home Naloxone Interventions: Ethnographic Evidence for Individual-Level Barriers to Treatment of Opioid Use Disorders in Rural Appalachia.

: Research indicates that take-home naloxone (THN) is saving lives across rural Appalachia, but whether it also results in treatment for opioid use disorders (OUDs) remains unclear. This study involves a detailed qualitative analysis of interviews with 16 individuals who had overdosed on opioids 61 times to understand why a THN intervention does not routinely lead to OUD treatment. : This study builds upon a one-year (2018) qualitative study on community responses to opioid overdose fatalities in four adjacent rural counties in Western Pennsylvania.

A Bitter Taste Receptor as a Novel Molecular Target on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) execute diverse and complex functions in cancer progression. While reprogramming the crosstalk between CAFs and cancer epithelial cells is a promising avenue to evade the adverse effects of stromal depletion, drugs are limited by their suboptimal pharmacokinetics and off-target effects. Thus, there is a need to elucidate CAF-selective cell surface markers that can improve drug delivery and efficacy.

Grassroots interventions for alcohol use disorders in the Mexican immigrant community: A narrative literature review.

This narrative literature review addresses grassroots interventions for alcohol use disorders as practiced in Mexican immigrant communities. These organic efforts are 24-hour AA groups, or , fourth and fifth step AA groups, , and . Literature was identified using PubMed and CINAHL and limited to works published from 2000 to 2018.

Complex behavioral patterns and trajectories of domestic violence offenders.

Evidence-based practice within the criminal justice system has relied primarily on cumulative reports of reassaults or rearrests, especially in evaluating effectiveness of domestic violence (DV) interventions. We use a longitudinal sample of DV offenders arrested and referred to DV offender programs in four cities to examine complex multi-outcome patterns of violent and abusive behavior and trajectories between patterns over time. Offenders and their partners were surveyed at program intake and followed for 15 months (N = 550).

Do multiple outcomes and conditional factors improve prediction of batterer reassault?

Researchers and practitioners recognize the need to develop better prediction of abuse and reassault among men referred to batterer programs. Previous approaches have produced relatively weak predictions for primarily dichotomized "reassault versus no reassault" outcomes. The primary objective of this research was to improve prediction using multinomial logistic regressions with multiple outcomes and conditional factors.

Battered women's perceptions of risk versus risk factors and instruments in predicting repeat reassault.

This study partially replicates and expands on a previous study that showed women's perceptions of risk to be a strong predictor of reassault among batterers. The current study employed a larger and multisite sample, a longer follow-up period of 15 months, and multiple outcomes including "repeated reassault" (n = 499). According to the multinomial logistic regressions, women's perceptions of risk improved prediction with risk factors (ROC area under the curve improved by.

Determinants of women's perceptions of risk in battering relationships.

Two studies have recently identified battered women's perceptions as a substantial predictor of reassault by their batterers. Only a few exploratory studies examine how women make these useful perceptions. We attempted to identify determinants of battered women's perceptions of reassault and safety using the 15-month follow-up of a multisite evaluation of batterer intervention.

Impact of socioeconomic status on health care utilization: factors influencing length of stay.

Using multivariate analysis, this study evaluates the relationship between socioeconomic status and hospital resource utilization as measured by length of stay for elderly Medicare patients, age 65 and older, within Shelby County, Tennessee. Variations in length of stay are compared across income groupings for seven different Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and relative effects are measured for socioeconomic status, age, race, gender, discharge status, and severity of illness. Despite the lack of provider specific and patient specific information, the analysis does suggest that, once patients access the medical care system, socioeconomic status has a limited effect on discharge decisions.

The impact of the changing healthcare environment on the attitudes of nursing staff: a longitudinal case study.

Attitude surveys of registered nurses were conducted in 1984 (just prior to implementation of prospective payment) and in 1989 (after implementation of changes responsive to prospective payment and increased competition) in an academic medical center. Results indicate more negative attitudes toward hospital administration, pay and promotional opportunities in 1989. However, overall job satisfaction, job variety, job market alternatives, participation in decision making, and intention to leave were unchanged while job variety and perceptions of job market alternatives were more positive in 1989.

Lower esophageal sphincter pressure, acid secretion, and blood gastrin after coffee consumption.

This study tested the hypothesis that differences in the processing of raw coffee beans can account for some of the variability in gastric effects of coffee drinking. Coffees were selected to represent several ways that green coffee beans are treated, ie, processing variables. These included instant and ground coffee processing, decaffeination method (ethyl acetate or methylene chloride extraction), instant coffee processing temperature (112 degrees F or 300 degrees F), and steam treatment.