A deep learning method for simultaneous denoising and missing wedge reconstruction in cryogenic electron tomography.

Cryogenic electron tomography is a technique for imaging biological samples in 3D. A microscope collects a series of 2D projections of the sample, and the goal is to reconstruct the 3D density of the sample called the tomogram. Reconstruction is difficult as the 2D projections are noisy and can not be recorded from all directions, resulting in a missing wedge of information.

Deep learning for accelerated and robust MRI reconstruction.

Deep learning (DL) has recently emerged as a pivotal technology for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a critical tool in diagnostic radiology. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in DL for MRI reconstruction, and focuses on various DL approaches and architectures designed to improve image quality, accelerate scans, and address data-related challenges. It explores end-to-end neural networks, pre-trained and generative models, and self-supervised methods, and highlights their contributions to overcoming traditional MRI limitations.

K-band: Self-supervised MRI Reconstruction via Stochastic Gradient Descent over K-space Subsets.

Although deep learning (DL) methods are powerful for solving inverse problems, their reliance on high-quality training data is a major hurdle. This is significant in high-dimensional (dynamic/volumetric) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where acquisition of high-resolution fully sampled k-space data is impractical. We introduce a novel mathematical framework, dubbed k-band, that enables training DL models using only partial, limited-resolution k-space data.

Chemical unclonable functions based on operable random DNA pools.

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) based on unique tokens generated by random manufacturing processes have been proposed as an alternative to mathematical one-way algorithms. However, these tokens are not distributable, which is a disadvantage for decentralized applications. Finding unclonable, yet distributable functions would help bridge this gap and expand the applications of object-bound cryptography.

Evaluation of acceptance and preference of topical lidocaine application versus articaine injection anesthesia after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: To compare acceptance and preference of topical lidocaine gel anesthesia with articaine injection anesthesia in patients with moderate periodontitis undergoing scaling and root debridement.

Methods: Ninety-one patients completed this randomized multicenter split-mouth controlled study and underwent two separate periodontal treatment sessions on different days, one with a topical intrapocket lidocaine gel application and the other with an articaine injection anesthesia in a different order depending on randomization. Parameters measured were the patients' preference for topical lidocaine gel anesthesia or injection anesthesia with articaine (primary efficacy criterion), their maximum and average pain, and their intensity of numbness as well as experience of side effects; the probing depth; and the dentists' preference and their evaluations of handling/application, onset and duration of anesthetic effect, and patient compliance.

A digital twin for DNA data storage based on comprehensive quantification of errors and biases.

Archiving data in synthetic DNA offers unprecedented storage density and longevity. Handling and storage introduce errors and biases into DNA-based storage systems, necessitating the use of Error Correction Coding (ECC) which comes at the cost of added redundancy. However, insufficient data on these errors and biases, as well as a lack of modeling tools, limit data-driven ECC development and experimental design.

Information decay and enzymatic information recovery for DNA data storage.

Synthetic DNA has been proposed as a storage medium for digital information due to its high theoretical storage density and anticipated long storage horizons. However, under all ambient storage conditions, DNA undergoes a slow chemical decay process resulting in nicked (broken) DNA strands, and the information stored in these strands is no longer readable. In this work we design an enzymatic repair procedure, which is applicable to the DNA pool prior to readout and can partially reverse the damage.

Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects.

With the total amount of worldwide data skyrocketing, the global data storage demand is predicted to grow to 1.75 × 10 GB by 2025. Traditional storage methods have difficulties keeping pace given that current storage media have a maximum density of 10 GB/mm.

A Robust Miniaturized Gas Sensor for H and CO Detection Based on the 3 Method.

Gas concentration monitoring is essential in industrial or life science areas in order to address safety-relevant or process-related questions. Many of the sensors used in this context are based on the principle of thermal conductivity. The -method is a very accurate method to determine the thermal properties of materials.

DNA synthesis for true random number generation.

The volume of securely encrypted data transmission required by today's network complexity of people, transactions and interactions increases continuously. To guarantee security of encryption and decryption schemes for exchanging sensitive information, large volumes of true random numbers are required. Here we present a method to exploit the stochastic nature of chemistry by synthesizing DNA strands composed of random nucleotides.

Low cost DNA data storage using photolithographic synthesis and advanced information reconstruction and error correction.

Due to its longevity and enormous information density, DNA is an attractive medium for archival storage. The current hamstring of DNA data storage systems-both in cost and speed-is synthesis. The key idea for breaking this bottleneck pursued in this work is to move beyond the low-error and expensive synthesis employed almost exclusively in today's systems, towards cheaper, potentially faster, but high-error synthesis technologies.

Genomic Encryption of Digital Data Stored in Synthetic DNA.

Today, we can read human genomes and store digital data robustly in synthetic DNA. Herein, we report a strategy to intertwine these two technologies to enable the secure storage of valuable information in synthetic DNA, protected with personalized keys. We show that genetic short tandem repeats (STRs) contain sufficient entropy to generate strong encryption keys, and that only one technology, DNA sequencing, is required to simultaneously read the key and the data.

Reading and writing digital data in DNA.

Because of its longevity and enormous information density, DNA is considered a promising data storage medium. In this work, we provide instructions for archiving digital information in the form of DNA and for subsequently retrieving it from the DNA. In principle, information can be represented in DNA by simply mapping the digital information to DNA and synthesizing it.

A Characterization of the DNA Data Storage Channel.

Owing to its longevity and enormous information density, DNA, the molecule encoding biological information, has emerged as a promising archival storage medium. However, due to technological constraints, data can only be written onto many short DNA molecules that are stored in an unordered way, and can only be read by sampling from this DNA pool. Moreover, imperfections in writing (synthesis), reading (sequencing), storage, and handling of the DNA, in particular amplification via PCR, lead to a loss of DNA molecules and induce errors within the molecules.

Evaluation of an ex vivo porcine model to investigate the effect of low abrasive airpolishing.

Objectives: Evaluation of an ex vivo porcine model to investigate the influence of periodontal instrumentation on soft tissue.

Material And Methods: In each of 120 pig mandibles, one molar tooth was chosen at random and instrumented. For subgingival debridement, two different low abrasive airpolishing powders (glycine d = 25 μm, erythritol d = 14 μm, n = 30 teeth each), curets, and a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler were used (n = 30 teeth each).

Detecting and Number Counting of Single Engineered Nanoparticles by Digital Particle Polymerase Chain Reaction.

The concentrations of nanoparticles present in colloidal dispersions are usually measured and given in mass concentration (e.g. mg/mL), and number concentrations can only be obtained by making assumptions about nanoparticle size and morphology.

Crystal structure of 4'-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetra-fluoro-biphenyl-4-carbo-nitrile.

The title compound, C13H4BrF4N, synthesized from 1,4'-bromo-iodo-benzene and 4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetra-fluoro-benzo-nitrile in a coupling reaction was found to crystallize in the ortho-rhom-bic space group P212121. The two phenyl rings are rotated with respect to each other by 40.6 (6)°.

Robust chemical preservation of digital information on DNA in silica with error-correcting codes.

Information, such as text printed on paper or images projected onto microfilm, can survive for over 500 years. However, the storage of digital information for time frames exceeding 50 years is challenging. Here we show that digital information can be stored on DNA and recovered without errors for considerably longer time frames.

Bounds on the average sensitivity of nested canalizing functions.

Nested canalizing Boolean functions (NCF) play an important role in biologically motivated regulatory networks and in signal processing, in particular describing stack filters. It has been conjectured that NCFs have a stabilizing effect on the network dynamics. It is well known that the average sensitivity plays a central role for the stability of (random) Boolean networks.

Harmonic analysis of Boolean networks: determinative power and perturbations.

: Consider a large Boolean network with a feed forward structure. Given a probability distribution on the inputs, can one find, possibly small, collections of input nodes that determine the states of most other nodes in the network? To answer this question, a notion that quantifies the determinative power of an input over the states of the nodes in the network is needed. We argue that the mutual information (MI) between a given subset of the inputs X={X1,.

Detecting controlling nodes of boolean regulatory networks.

Boolean models of regulatory networks are assumed to be tolerant to perturbations. That qualitatively implies that each function can only depend on a few nodes. Biologically motivated constraints further show that functions found in Boolean regulatory networks belong to certain classes of functions, for example, the unate functions.

Comparison of touching behaviors of winners and losers in racquetball and tennis.

Similarities and differences in subjects' touching behaviors in two racquet sports, tennis (n = 50) and racquetball (n = 200), were examined to learn whether postcontest interactive ritual is observed for racquetball as for tennis (handshake?). Analysis confirmed the tennis handshake and significantly more physical contact between tennis than between racquetball players. No significant differences were noted in postcontest verbal contacts or in differential touching by winners and losers.

[Orienting toxicologic studies in Wistar rats for the evaluation of knotgrass--(Polygonum convolvulus)--seed].

Black bindweed seed (Polygonum convolvulus) from the 1987 harvest was tested for possible toxicity in a 38-day range-finding test with Wistar rats which received feed rations on the basis of VDT-1 standard feedstuff and components of 5 or 20%. Histological liver findings as well as parameters recorded from laboratory diagnosis (plasma activities of ALAT, ASAT, and gamma GT as well as total protein and albumin levels in plasma) were indicative of incipient impairment of liver metabolism. More detailed and comprehensive chemico-analytical investigations are recommended, with due consideration of the unity between high-value primary components, on the one hand, and possibly toxic secondary constituent substances, on the other.