Effects of perioperative treatment of resectable adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction by immunotherapy (Adebrelimab) combined with chemotherapy (XELOX): protocol for a single-center, open-labeled study (AEGIS trial, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy).

Background: For resectable adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG), current treatment exploration primarily focuses on perioperative chemotherapy regimens combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, but the long-term survival benefits of still require further investigation, and the use of upfront immunotherapy is typically restricted to patients with metastatic MSI-H (M1 MSI-H) disease due to their potential responsiveness to immunological agents. Adebrelimab, as a novel PD-L1 antibody, has not yet been proven for its efficacy and safety in adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.

Methods: The AEGIS study is a prospective, open-labeled, single-arm, phase II clinical trial.

Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme Ubc13 in Macrophages Suppresses Lung Tumor Progression Through Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression.

Tumor cell-intrinsic ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 promotes tumorigenesis, yet how Ubc13 in immune cell compartments regulates tumor progression remains elusive. Here, we show that myeloid-specific deletion of Ubc13 (Ubc13Lyz2) leads to accelerated transplanted lung tumor growth in mice. Compared with their littermate controls, tumor-bearing Ubc13Lyz2 mice had lower proliferation and effector function of CD8 T lymphocytes, accompanied by increased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells within the tumor microenvironment.

A novel computational model ITHCS for enhanced prognostic risk stratification in ESCC by correcting for intratumor heterogeneity.

Intratumor heterogeneity significantly challenges the accuracy of existing prognostic models for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by introducing biases related to the varied genetic and molecular landscapes within tumors. Traditional models, relying on single-sample, single-region bulk RNA sequencing, fall short of capturing the complexity of intratumor heterogeneity. To fill this gap, we developed a computational model for intratumor heterogeneity corrected signature (ITHCS) by employing both multiregion bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing to pinpoint genes that exhibit consistent expression patterns across different tumor regions but vary significantly among patients.

MiR-363: A potential biomarker of kidney diseases.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous small RNAs with lengths of approximately 19-24 nucleotides, play important regulatory roles in cells. In recent years, miR-363 has emerged as a prominent member of the miR-92a family, participating in various biological functions, including cellular proliferation, cycle, migration, and apoptosis. In particular, miR-363 plays a critical role in acute kidney injury, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy and can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.

Multimodality Therapy and Survival Outcomes in Resectable Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Currently, optimal treatment strategy for resectable primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSmCCE) remains controversial. To address this, we conducted a multicenter study to evaluate treatment patterns and long-term survival of PSmCCE patients who underwent radical resection.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included resected PSmCCE patients who received radical resection at seven high-volume cancer centers.

Navigation of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery using electromagnetic versus CT-guided localization (NOVEL): a study protocol for comparing procedural success and complication rates in a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled, non-inferiority phase III trial.

Background: The rise of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has increased the detection of small pulmonary nodules, demanding more effective localization techniques for their resection. Minimally invasive resection utilizing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a critical method for treating these nodules. However, traditional computed tomography (CT)-guided localization has limitations such as invasiveness and patient discomfort.

CT radiomics to predict pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To develop and validate a CT-based radiomics model to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy (NICRT) in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: A total of 105 patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving NICRT from February 2019 to December 2023 were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into the training cohort and the test cohort at a 3:1 ratio.

Real-world evaluation of multimodal treatment practice in older oesophageal cancer patients.

Objectives: Elderly-specific data for multimodal treatment of oesophageal cancer (EC) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of multimodal treatment in older EC patients and to compare the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT).

Methods: Patients diagnosed with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma who received NCT/NCRT were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB, 2004-2015).

An LSTM-based optimization algorithm for enhancing quantitative arbitrage trading.

Arbitrage trading is a common quantitative trading strategy that leverages the long-term cointegration relationships between multiple related assets to conduct spread trading for profit. Specifically, when the cointegration relationship between two or more related series holds, it utilizes the stability and mean-reverting characteristics of their cointegration relationship for spread trading. However, in real quantitative trading, determining the cointegration relationship based on the Engle-Granger two-step method imposes stringent conditions for the cointegration to hold, which can easily be disrupted by price fluctuations or trend characteristics presented by the linear combination, leading to the failure of the arbitrage strategy and significant losses.

Robotic-assisted versus video-assisted lobectomy for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: the RVlob randomized controlled trial.

Background: The long-term survival and perioperative outcomes of robotic-assisted lobectomy (RAL) and video-assisted lobectomy (VAL) in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were found to be comparable in retrospective studies, but they have not been investigated in a randomized trial setting. We conducted the RVlob trial to investigate if RAL was non-inferior to VAL in patients with resectable NSCLC.

Methods: In this single-center, open-label, and parallel-arm randomized controlled trial conducted in Ruijin Hospital (Shanghai, China) between May 2017 and May 2020, we randomly assigned patients with resectable NSCLC in a 1:1 ratio to receive either RAL or VAL.

Lymph node metastasis in early invasive lung adenocarcinoma: Prediction model establishment and validation based on genomic profiling and clinicopathologic characteristics.

Background: The presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis directly affects the treatment strategy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely used in patients with advanced LUAD to identify targeted genes, while early detection of pathologic LN metastasis using NGS has not been assessed.

Methods: Clinicopathologic features and molecular characteristics of 224 patients from Ruijin Hospital were analyzed to detect factors associated with LN metastases.

Safety and effectiveness of using Disposable Ultrasonic shears to coagulate 5-7 mm blood vessels: protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial.

Background: The ultrasonic scalpel is widely used during surgery. It is safe and effective to close the pulmonary artery branch vessels of 7 mm or below with an ultrasonic energy device as reported. However, there have been no multicenter randomized clinical trial to assess the safety and effectiveness of using ultrasonic scalpel to coagulate 5-7 mm blood vessels in thoracic surgery.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without camrelizumab in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the randomized phase 3 ESCORT-NEO/NCCES01 trial.

Recent single-arm studies involving neoadjuvant camrelizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, plus chemotherapy for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC) have shown promising results. This multicenter, randomized, open-label phase 3 trial aimed to further assess the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant camrelizumab, compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. A total of 391 patients with resectable thoracic LA-ESCC (T1b-3N1-3M0 or T3N0M0) were stratified by clinical stage (I/II, III or IVA) and randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to undergo two cycles of neoadjuvant therapy.

Three-dimensional reconstruction computed tomography in thoracoscopic segmentectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Thoracoscopic segmentectomy is the recommended treatment option for small peripheral pulmonary nodules. To assess the ability of preoperative three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction computed tomography (CT) to shorten the operative time and improve perioperative outcomes in thoracoscopic segmentectomy compared with standard chest CT, we conducted this randomized controlled trial.

Methods: The DRIVATS study was a multicentre, randomized controlled trial conducted in 3 hospitals between July 2019 and November 2023.

Sex-specific associations of urinary mixed-metal concentrations with femoral bone mineral density among older people: an NHANES (2017-2020) analysis.

Background: Heavy metal exposure is an important cause of reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Epidemiological studies focusing on the effects of mixed heavy metal exposure on BMD in middle-aged and older people are scarce. In single-metal studies, men and women have shown distinct responses of BMD to environmental metal exposure.

Margin quality analysis for wedge resection of lung cancer and construction of a predictive model.

Background: Insufficient pulmonary wedge resection margin is associated with malignant positive margins and high local recurrence risk for lung cancer. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of insufficient or guideline discordant resection margin distance and establish a predictive model to preoperatively estimate the risk of discordant margin for individual patient.

Methods: Guideline discordant resection margin was defined as ratio of resection margin distance to tumor size less than one.

Robot-assisted minimally invasive bronchial resection with primary anastomosis for schwannoma arising from left main bronchus: a case report.

Background: Tracheobronchial schwannomas are extremely rare, which account for lower than 0.2% in all pulmonary tumors. In large part because of the rarity and insufficient reported clinical details, tracheobronchial schwannoma lacks guidelines or expert consensus for diagnosis and treatment, and the delay in diagnosis can range from months to years.

A dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm using center and multi-direction prediction strategies.

Dynamic multi-objective optimization problems have been popular because of its extensive application. The difficulty of solving the problem focuses on the moving PS as well as PF dynamically. A large number of efficient strategies have been put forward to deal with such problems by speeding up convergence and keeping diversity.