Two-plus-two fringe projection profilometry based on phase-shifted coding.

In fringe projection profilometry based on temporal phase unwrapping, determining a fringe order map commonly requires a large number of fringes. To reduce the fringe number, this paper proposes a concise absolute phase retrieval algorithm just by projecting four fringes. The first two orthogonal fringes with relatively large frequency can collect reliable height information.

Identification of Genes and Elucidation of the Regulatory Effects of PsARF16a on the Dormancy of Tree Peony Plantlets.

The low survival rate of transplanted plantlets, which has limited the utility of tissue-culture-based methods for the rapid propagation of tree peonies, is due to plantlet dormancy after rooting. We previously determined that the auxin response factor PsARF may be a key regulator of tree peony dormancy. To clarify the mechanism mediating tree peony plantlet dormancy, genes were systematically identified and analyzed.

The combination of DNA methylation and positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by MYB and bHLH transcription factors contributes to the petal blotch formation in Xibei tree peony.

Xibei tree peony is a distinctive cultivar group that features red-purple blotches in petals. Interestingly, the pigmentations of blotches and non-blotches are largely independent of one another. The underlying molecular mechanism had attracted lots of attention from investigators, but was still uncertain.

Ultra-fast 3D imaging by a big codewords space division multiplexing binary coding.

Patternless binary coding strategies have been a challenge for ultra-fast 3D imaging with structured light. This Letter proposes a big codewords space division multiplexing binary coding method. From the third to the multiple order, a special spatial binary coding instead of the Gray code is created for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to achieve an ultra-wide unambiguous range with only one auxiliary pattern.

Temporal phase unwrapping based on unequal phase-shifting code.

In fringe projection profilometry (FPP) based on temporal phase unwrapping (TPU), reducing the number of projecting patterns has become one of the most important works in recent years. To remove the 2π ambiguity independently, this paper proposes a TPU method based on unequal phase-shifting code. Wrapped phase is still calculated from N-step conventional phase-shifting patterns with equal phase-shifting amount to guarantee the measuring accuracy.

Nonlinear error full-field compensation method for phase measuring profilometry.

Phase measuring profilometry (PMP) has the highest measuring accuracy among structured light projection-based three-dimensional (3D) sensing methods. Due to their low-cost and high-resolution features, commercial projectors are extensively used in PMP, but they are all designed with a gamma effect purpose that considers the characteristics of human vision. Affected by the gamma effect, a set of phase-shifting sinusoidal deformed patterns captured in PMP may contain high-order harmonics which lead to nonlinear phase errors.

Comparative analysis of cold-responsive genes under short-term cold stimulation and cold-adaptive genes under long-term heterogeneous environments reveals a cold adaptation mechanism in weeping forsythia.

Identifying cold-related genes can provide insights into the cold adaptation mechanism of weeping forsythia. In this study, we compared the changes in gene expressions and physiological and biochemical indices under short-term cold stimulation with the changes in gene sequences under a long-term heterogeneous environment to investigate the cold adaptation mechanism in weeping forsythia. The data of adaptive gene sequence changes, e.

Herbaceous peony positively regulates red petal formation by promoting anthocyanin accumulation.

ATP-citrate lyase () gene catalyzes the formation of acetyl-CoA to provide intermediate precursors for many secondary metabolites, and also plays an important role in anthocyanin biosynthesis of plants. Herbaceous peony ( Pall.) is an international cut flower known for its rich flower colors, however, the function of the gene in flower color regulation is still unclear.

A super-grayscale and real-time computer-generated Moiré profilometry using video grating projection.

By using the time-division multiplexing characteristics of the projector and the integral exposure characteristics of the charge coupled device (CCD) camera, a super-grayscale and real-time computer-generated Moiré profilometry based on video grating projection is proposed. The traditional digital static grating is of 256-grayscale at most. If an expected super-grayscale grating with a maximum grayscale of 766 is designed and divided into three 256-grayscale fringe patterns with balanced grayscale as far as possible, they can be synthesized into a repeated playing video grating instead of the traditional static grating.

Color-encoded single-shot computer-generated Moiré profilometry.

A color-encoded single-shot computer-generated Moiré profilometry (CSCGMP) is proposed. Two sinusoidal gratings with a π phase difference are encoded in red and blue channels respectively to combine a composite color grating. While this composite color grating is projected onto the measured object, the corresponding color deformed pattern can be captured.

Improved computer-generated moiré profilometry with flat image calibration.

An improved computer-generated moiré profilometry (CGMP) with flat image calibration is proposed. In CGMP, the purification of the AC component plays a decisive role. While a composite grating modulated with both the sinusoidal grating and its background light substitutes for the sinusoidal grating itself, the sinusoidal deformed pattern and flat image can be demodulated from the captured pattern.

The coloring mechanism of a novel golden variety in based on the RGB color mode.

Compared to flower color and red leaf mutants, the mechanism of yellow leaf formation in woody plants is more complicated and less understood. Poplars are common and widely distributed perennial trees. Here, we obtained a golden leaf mutant poplar variety (JHY) and compared it with its original green leaf poplar (.

Desktop lighting for comfortable use of a computer screen.

Background: The contrast between a bright computer screen and a dark ambient environment may influence comfort of the users, especially on their eyes.

Objective: The objective of this research is to identify the optimal desktop lighting for the comfortable use of the computer screen in a dark environment.

Methods: An experiment was designed where seven illumination setups were introduced for the users to perform their leisure tasks on a computer screen.

Metabolic profiling and gene expression analysis provides insights into flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolism in poplar.

Poplar, a woody perennial model, is a common and widespread tree genus. We cultivated two red leaf poplar varieties from bud mutation of Populus sp. Linn.

Computer-generated moiré profilometry based on fringe-superposition.

A computer-generated moiré profilometry based on algebraic addition instead of algebraic multiplication is proposed. Firstly, the two AC components of the captured fringe patterns on the reference plane with [Formula: see text] phase difference are retrieved and saved in advance. While measuring, two sinusoidal gratings with [Formula: see text] phase difference are projected onto the measured object alternatively, and the corresponding deformed patterns are captured.

Identification and functional analysis of three new anthocyanin R2R3-MYB genes in .

We identified three novel members of the R2R3-MYB clade of anthocyanin regulators in the genome of the purple flowering wild accession, and we called them (). Two of these genes, and are inactivated by two different single base mutations in their coding sequence. All three of these genes are absent in the white flowering species and , in the red flowering , and in several lines, including R27 and W115.

Chalcone synthase is ubiquitinated and degraded via interactions with a RING-H2 protein in petals of Paeonia 'He Xie'.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely distributed among angiosperms, where they play diverse roles in plant growth, development, and evolution. The regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants has been extensively studied at the transcriptional level, but post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational control of flavonoid biosynthesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we analysed post-translational regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in the ornamental plant Paeonia, using proteome and ubiquitylome profiling, in conjunction with transcriptome data.

Expression profiling and functional characterization of a CBL-interacting protein kinase gene from Populus euphratica.

This is the first report on the function of a member of the CIPK family in Populus euphratica. The Ca(2+)-dependent salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway has been shown to play an essential role in maintaining ion homeostasis and conferring salt tolerance. One component of the SOS pathway, SOS1, was identified in the salt-resistant tree P.

The calcium sensor PeCBL1, interacting with PeCIPK24/25 and PeCIPK26, regulates Na(+)/K (+) homeostasis in Populus euphratica.

This paper is the first to directly link two types of ion channel regulation pathway into an emerging and complex CBL-CIPK signal system in wooden plant. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the calcineurin b-like (CBL) 1 gene has been shown to be necessary in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified CBL1 in the woody plant Populus euphratica, designated as PeCBL1.

Shaker-like potassium channels in Populus, regulated by the CBL-CIPK signal transduction pathway, increase tolerance to low-K+ stress.

Shaker-like potassium channels in plants play an important role in potassium absorption and transport. Here, we characterized 11 genes encoding shaker-like channels from Populus trichocarpa. Furthermore, two homologs from this family were isolated from Populus euphratica and named PeKC1 and PeKC2.

Molecular characterization of putative vacuolar NHX-type Na(+)/H(+) exchanger genes from the salt-resistant tree Populus euphratica.

The vacuolar NHX-type Na(+)/H(+) exchangers play a key role in salt tolerance in plants. However, little is known about the Na(+)/H(+) exchangers in the salt-resistant tree, Populus euphratica. In this study, we identified six putative vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) exchanger genes from P.