Analyses of energy metabolism and mitochondrial genome in post-mortem brain from patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Biochemical and mitochondrial DNA analyses were performed in post-mortem brain tissue from seven patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type and age- and sex-matched controls. We analysed all complexes of the respiratory chain in four regions, i.e.

A double-blind comparative multicentre study of controlled-release remoxipride, immediate-release remoxipride and haloperidol in schizophrenia.

A double-blind multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of remoxipride in controlled-release formulation (REM-CR), given once a day, and immediate-release formulation (REM-IR) and haloperidol, given twice daily, was conducted in patients with schizophrenic illness. In total, 150 inpatients were randomized: 49, 51 and 50 in the REM-CR, REM-IR, and haloperidol groups, respectively. The mean daily dose of REM-CR during the last week of treatment was 361 mg, that of REM-IR 332 mg.

Efficacy and safety of moclobemide compared with imipramine in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Double-blind multicenter study, Austria.

In a double-blind, 4-week, prospective, randomized multicenter (17 centers) study we checked on the efficacy, tolerability and safety of moclobemide (300-600 mg/d) compared to imipramine (100-200 mg/d) in parallel groups of patients with a Major Depressive Episode (DSM III). The mean % reduction of the HAMD at the end of treatment was 51.7 in the moclobemide group and 52.

Efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide compared with imipramine in depressive disorder (DSM-III): an Austrian double-blind, multicentre study.

The antidepressant efficacy, tolerability, and safety of moclobemide, a reversible, monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, were compared with those of imipramine in parallel groups of patients with a major depressive episode, in a 4-week, multicentre (17 centres), randomised study. A total of 381 patients were randomly allocated to either treatment; they were not required to avoid tyramine-rich foods. Drop-out rates were comparable in both groups at about 17%.

[Neurochemical perspectives of the function of monoamine oxidases].

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and its subtypes MAO-A and MAO-B show different distribution in post mortem human brain areas. While MAO-B is the predominant type in glial tissue, intraneuronal MAO is either of type A (locus coeruleus, only 10% of substantia nigra neurons stain MAO-A), while raphe neurons contain entirely MAO-B. Inhibition of MAO-subtypes leads to accumulation of biogenic amines in glial tissue while there is a selective intraneuronal influence differing between various brain areas.

Rolipram in major depressive disorder: results of a double-blind comparative study with imipramine.

Rolipram improves signal transmission in central noradrenergic neurones at a pre- and postsynaptic level, and is thus a novel approach in antidepressant therapy. In order to prove efficacy, tolerance, and safety, several controlled studies are underway. Results of a randomized double-blind comparative trial versus imipramine involving 64 in-patients with Major Depressive Disorder (DSM III) in six independent centers will be presented and discussed.

[L-tryptophan in pre-delirium and delirium conditions].

The effect of the serotonin precursor l-tryptophan on delirium and pre-delirium states was studied in a prospective study on 32 patients. Patients were given 3 infusions each containing 2.5 g l-tryptophan, a day for at least 7 days.

Neurochemical perspectives to the function of monoamine oxidase.

Dopamine (DA) is degraded in part by MAO, an intraneuronal and glial enzyme localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane. DA is a good substrate for MAO-B and selegiline enhances DA-transmission and improves akinesia of Parkinson's disease (PD) by selective MAO-B blockade. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and histochemistry (HC) demonstrate that neurons of substantia nigra (SN) lack MAO near totally (but see Moll et al 1988).

[3H]MK-801 binding sites in postmortem brain regions of schizophrenic patients.

[3H]MK-801 binding was used as a marker for the NMDA receptorion channel complex in postmortem brain samples from the frontal cortex, hippocampus, putamen, entorhinal region, and amygdala of schizophrenic patients and controls. In schizophrenia [3H]MK-801 binding levels were increased in all brain regions investigated reaching significance in the putamen.

Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain.

Significant differences in the content of iron (III) and total iron were found in post mortem substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease. There was an increase of 176% in the levels of total iron and 225% of iron (III) in the substantia nigra of the parkinsonian patients compared to age matched controls. In the cortex (Brodmann area 21), hippocampus, putamen, and globus pallidus there was no significant difference in the levels of iron (III) and total iron.

[Neurologic and psychiatric diseases and fitness for driving].

Out of all neurological and psychiatric diseases from the international point of view alcoholism is the biggest problem in road-traffic. Psychomotor-ability and self-criticism are already impaired at very low doses of alcohol. Driving-ability almost always is reduced in the acute stage of endogenous psychoses, but improves parallel to the improvement of the psychosis.

[Beta blockade with celiprolol in tardive dyskinesia patients treated with neuroleptics].

The influence of celiprolol on the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia was compared with placebo in a randomized double blind study. 17 female patients were treated with a single daily dose of 200 mg celiprolol and 18 female patients received placebo for a period of 3 months. All patients got additional neuroleptic treatment.

[Information status and public opinion on the social psychiatric position of epilepsy in western Lower Austria].

The state of information and the public opinion concerning the epileptic's psychosocial rank in the West of Lower Austria are similar to the results in the Federal Republic of Germany in many respects. But on the other hand there are also many differences. Many of the interviewed ones reacted in the sense of "centrality of concerness".

[Sándor Ferenczi's theoretical achievement].

The Hungarian Sándor Ferenczi has not only been a very close friend of Sigmund Freud and an outstanding representative of the psychoanalytic movement, but also an excellent man of early "Tiefenpsychologie". In the most valuable part of his research - the investigation of the sense of reality - he made a step into future tendencies of psychoanalysis, the ego-psychoanalysis. He was able to modify the analytic technique, a fact which in those days caused quite a bit of criticism by the psychoanalytic movement and by Freud himself too.

[Freud, Ferenczi and psychoanalysis in Hungary (author's transl)].

Psychoanalysis in Hungary was created and developed for a long time under the influence of the Austrian psychoanalysis and especially by Sigmund Freud personally. The key-figure in the history of the Hungarian psychoanalysis was Sándor Ferenczi, who in his theoretical works in many respects anticipated the ego-psychology. After 1933 the political development harmed the Budapest school of psychoanalysis, which was erased 1948.

[Correlations between psychopathology and EEG patterns in epilepsy (author's transl)].

Summarizing we could see that the EEG-records in our 340 patients comprising study proved to be a parameter of prediction of the psychiatric state and behavior and we could observe that patients having a normal or only slightly impaired EEG-pattern also used to be in a much better psychiatric state, then patients with severely disturbed EEG-records. Results of statistically very high significance we could especially observe in the field of the objective tests. concerning quickness and exactness of judgement and the cortical arousal we had much better results when there were no special EEG-activities.

[Treatment of hypotension caused by psychopharmacological drugs (author's transl)].

By monitoring the clinical symptoms and several cardiovascular parameters in patients treated with psychopharmacological agents the effect of the peripheric alpha-sympathomimetic drug midodrine was compared with that of a placebo. The side effects produced by neuroleptics and thymoleptics as hypotension showed to be antagonizable by midrodrine.