Pharmacological investigation of new niclosamide-based isatin hybrids as antiproliferative, antioxidant, and apoptosis inducers.

A group of Niclosamide-linked isatin hybrids (Xo, X1, and X2) was created and examined using IR, HNMR, C NMR, and mass spectrometry. These hybrids' cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis-inducing capabilities were identified. Using the SRB assay, their cytotoxicity against the human HCT-116, MCF-7, and HEPG-2 cancer cell lines, as well as VERO (African Green Monkey Kidney), was evaluated.

Evaluation of aromatase inhibitor on radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis via TGF- β/Smad 3 and TGF- β/PDGF pathways in rats.

Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a known complication in cancer patients after getting thoracic radiotherapy. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as anastrozole have been used instead of tamoxifen for adjuvant endocrine treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone sensitive breast cancer. This study is to evaluate the concurrent treatment of anastrozole and RIPF in rats.

Effect of l-carnitine on cardiotoxicity and apoptosis induced by imatinib through PDGF/ PPARγ /MAPK pathways.

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib (IM) is used in the treatment of different varieties of cancers. The current study was designed to explore the beneficial role of l-carnitine against IM-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Male albino rats received IM (40 mg/kg, i.

Modulation of bleomycin-induced oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis by N-acetylcysteine in rats via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κβ.

The efficacy of bleomycin (BLM) as an antineoplastic drug is limited to the development of dose and time-dependent pulmonary fibrosis. This study was intended to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Twenty rats were randomly divided to the following four groups: Group one served as control; group two received BLM (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip)) for five consecutive days; group three received NAC (200 mg/kg, ip) for five consecutive days; and group four received NAC 1 hour before BLM for 5 days.

Metformin and/or low dose radiation reduces cardiotoxicity and apoptosis induced by cyclophosphamide through SIRT-1/SOD and BAX/Bcl-2 pathways in rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent with effective antineoplastic, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. Despite its vast therapeutic uses, it is known to trigger strict cardiac toxicity. The objective of the current study was to examine the protective role of metformin (MET) and/or low dose radiation (LDR) on cardiotoxicity and apoptosis induced by CP in rats.

Diallyl sulfide alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced nephropathic encephalopathy in rats.

Diallyl sulfide (DAS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. The current study was planned to evaluate the protecting effects of DAS against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced nephropathic encephalopathy. DAS (100 mg/kg) was orally administered for 4 days, 60 min after the last dose, rats were injected with CP (150 mg/kg).

Metformin and low dose radiation modulates cisplatin-induced oxidative injury in rat via PPAR-γ and MAPK pathways.

Unlabelled: Cisplatin (CIS) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for therapy of many tumors and has been limited by its toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B(NFB) in the pathogenesis of hepatic damage induced by CIS, and investigated the modulatory effect of metformin (MET) and/or low dose gamma radiation (LDR) on CIS-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. CIS(7.

Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an oxazaphosphorine nitrogen mustard alkylating drug used for the treatment of chronic and acute leukemias, lymphoma, myeloma, and cancers of the breast and ovary. It is known to cause severe cardiac toxicity. This study investigated the protective effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) on CP-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Ameliorative effect of septilin, an ayurvedic preparation against gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury in rats.

Ionizing radiation is known to induce multiple organ dysfunctions directly related to an increase of cellular oxidative stress, due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study was aimed to investigate the effect of septilin (an ayurvedic poly-herbal formulation containing the principal herbs, namely Commiphora wightii, Trinospora cordifolia, Rubia cardifolia, Emblica officinalis, Saussurea lappa and Glycyrrhiza glabra) against whole body gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative damage in hepatic and brain tissues in rats. Administration of septilin for 5 days (100 mg/kg) prior to radiation resulted in a significant increase in both superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total glutathione (GSH) level in hepatic and brain tissues, while serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) was reduced by gamma-irradiation.

Protective effect of ginseng against gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in rats.

This study investigated the potential protective effects of ginseng on gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in rats. Twenty four male albino rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, rats were administered vehicle by tube for 7 consecutive days.

Early treatment of radiation-induced heart damage in rats by caffeic acid phenethyl ester.

Unlabelled: The study is designed to determine the therapeutic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in minimizing radiation-induced injuries in rats. Rats were exposed to 7Gy gamma radiation, 30min later rats were injected with CAPE (10μmol/kg body, i.p.

Efficacy of lycopene against fluoride toxicity in rats.

Context: Oxidative damage to cellular components such as lipids and cell membranes by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to be associated with the development of degenerative diseases. Fluoride intoxication is associated with oxidative stress and altered anti-oxidant defense mechanism. Lycopene is a lipid-soluble powerful anti-oxidant that scavenges free radicals and ROS.

Fasciola gigantica: Parasitological and scanning electron microscopy study of the in vitro effects of ivermectin and/or artemether.

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro effects of different concentrations of ivermectin and/or artemether on Fasciolagigantica worms and to study the parasitological changes and tegumental alterations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods: Fasciola gigantica worms were incubated in vitro for 24 and 48 h with three concentrations of either ivermectin or artemether (10, 20 and 50 microg/ml) or both in half concentration of either (5, 10 and 25 microg/ml).

Results: Exposure of Fasciola worms to 25+25 microg/ml of combined drug regimens or to 50 microg/ml of either ivermectin or artemether for 48 h led to 100%, 41.

Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against radiation induced DNA damage and hepatic toxicity in rats.

The present study was designed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of N- acetylcysteine (NAC) on gamma-radiation induced toxicity in hepatic tissue in rat. The cellular changes were estimated using malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)) as markers of hepatic oxidative stress in rats following gamma-irradiation. The DNA damage was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Silymarin modulates Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used anticancer drug, but at high dose, it can produce undesirable side effects such as hepatotoxicity. Because silymrin has been used to treat liver disorders, the protective effect of silymarin on CDDP-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in rats. Hepatotoxicity was determined by changes in serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST], nitric oxide [NO] levels, albumin and calcium levels, and superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSHPx] activities, glutathione content, malondialdehyde [MDA] and nitric oxide [NO] levels in liver tissue of rats.

Protective role of carnitine ester against radiation-induced oxidative stress in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) against gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative damage in liver and lung tissue after total body irradiation with a single dose of 6Gy. To achieve the ultimate goal of this study, 40 adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. Group I was injected intraperitoneally with saline solution for 5 consecutive days and served as control group.

Acetyl-L-carnitine modulates bleomycin-induced oxidative stress and energy depletion in lung tissues.

Background And Purpose: The usefulness of Bleomycin (BLM) as an important antineoplastic drug is usually limited to the development of dose and time-dependent interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. This study has been initiated to investigate the possible protective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine (AC) against BLM-induced lung toxicity at an early stage of its development.

Material And Methods: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 200-250 g each, were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each.