Implementation of a Pharmacist-Driven Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Monitoring Program Using Bayesian Modeling in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy.

Background: Current vancomycin monitoring guidelines recommend monitoring 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration ratios for patients with serious methicillin-resistant infections. However, there are sparse data on the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of vancomycin AUC monitoring for outpatients. Traditional AUC pharmacokinetic calculations require 2 concentrations, while bayesian software allows for single-concentration AUC estimations.

Frequency and preventability of adverse drug events in the outpatient setting.

Background: Limited data exist regarding adverse drug events (ADEs) in the outpatient setting. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, severity, and preventability of ADEs in the outpatient setting and identify potential prevention strategies.

Methods: We conducted an analysis of ADEs identified in a retrospective electronic health records review of outpatient encounters in 2018 at 13 outpatient sites in Massachusetts that included 13 416 outpatient encounters in 3323 patients.

Tramadol use in U.S. Adults With Commercial Health Insurance, 2005-2021.

Introduction: Tramadol has been associated with chronic opioid use and emergency room (ER) visits. However, little is known about trends in prescription tramadol use in the U.S.

The use and safety risk of repurposed drugs for COVID-19 patients: lessons learned utilizing the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the disproportionality analyses of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir and how ADR reporting fluctuated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted utilizing the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data between 2019 and 2021. The study was conducted in two phases.

A Case Series on Serotonin Syndrome from Concomitant use of linezolid With Methadone, Buprenorphine, and/or Dextroamphetamine.

The risk of serotonin syndrome (SS), especially when linezolid is used concomitantly with methadone, buprenorphine, and/or dextroamphetamine, remains widely unstudied and may limit the options for antimicrobial therapy in these patient populations. We reviewed all adult encounters on linezolid with concomitant methadone, buprenorphine, and/or dextroamphetamine from April 2016 to June 2022. The primary outcomes included characterizing prescribing preferences and prevalence of confirmed and possible serotonin syndrome using ICD-10 diagnosis codes, cyproheptadine administration, and electronic medical record chart review using the Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria.

Correction: Performance of a Web-Based Reference Database With Natural Language Searching Capabilities: Usability Evaluation of DynaMed and Micromedex With Watson.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/43960.].

Performance of a Web-Based Reference Database With Natural Language Searching Capabilities: Usability Evaluation of DynaMed and Micromedex With Watson.

Background: Evidence-based point-of-care information (POCI) tools can facilitate patient safety and care by helping clinicians to answer disease state and drug information questions in less time and with less effort. However, these tools may also be visually challenging to navigate or lack the comprehensiveness needed to sufficiently address a medical issue.

Objective: This study aimed to collect clinicians' feedback and directly observe their use of the combined POCI tool DynaMed and Micromedex with Watson, now known as DynaMedex.

The Safety of Inpatient Health Care.

Background: Adverse events during hospitalization are a major cause of patient harm, as documented in the 1991 Harvard Medical Practice Study. Patient safety has changed substantially in the decades since that study was conducted, and a more current assessment of harm during hospitalization is warranted.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the frequency, preventability, and severity of patient harm in a random sample of admissions from 11 Massachusetts hospitals during the 2018 calendar year.

Intelligent Telehealth in Pharmacovigilance: A Future Perspective.

Pharmacovigilance improves patient safety by detecting and preventing adverse drug events. However, challenges exist that limit adverse drug event detection, resulting in many adverse drug events being underreported or inaccurately reported. One challenge includes having access to large data sets from various sources including electronic health records and wearable medical devices.

Surgery vs. Biopsy in the Treatment of Butterfly Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Butterfly glioblastomas (bGBM) are grade IV gliomas that spread to bilateral hemispheres by infiltrating the corpus callosum. Data on the effect of surgery are limited to small case series. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare resection vs.

Key use cases for artificial intelligence to reduce the frequency of adverse drug events: a scoping review.

Adverse drug events (ADEs) represent one of the most prevalent types of health-care-related harm, and there is substantial room for improvement in the way that they are currently predicted and detected. We conducted a scoping review to identify key use cases in which artificial intelligence (AI) could be leveraged to reduce the frequency of ADEs. We focused on modern machine learning techniques and natural language processing.

High-priority drug-drug interaction clinical decision support overrides in a newly implemented commercial computerized provider order-entry system: Override appropriateness and adverse drug events.

Objective: The study sought to determine frequency and appropriateness of overrides of high-priority drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts and whether adverse drug events (ADEs) were associated with overrides in a newly implemented electronic health record.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of overridden high-priority DDI alerts occurring from April 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017, from inpatient and outpatient settings at an academic health center. We studied highest-severity DDIs that were previously designated as "hard stops" and additional high-priority DDIs identified from clinical experience and literature review.

Stereotactic radiosurgery versus whole-brain radiotherapy after intracranial metastasis resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In patients with one to three brain metastases who undergo resection, options for post-operative treatments include whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of the resection cavity. In this meta-analysis, we sought to compare the efficacy of each post-operative radiation modality with respect to tumor recurrence and survival.

Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched through June 2016 for cohort studies reporting outcomes of SRS or WBRT after metastasis resection.