The Intrarater and Interrater Reliability and Validity of Universal Goniometer, Digital Inclinometer, and Smartphone Application Measuring Range of Motion in Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the intrarater and interrater reliability and validity of range of motion measurements obtained with a universal goniometer, digital inclinometer, and smartphone application in patients with total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: Range of motion of the knee joint was measured by two examiners with a universal goniometer, digital inclinometer, and a smartphone application. Data were obtained from 51 knees of 27 patients at postoperative 6 months.