Age and Surgical Volume Impact Likelihood and Technique of Lateral Extra-Articular Augmentation During Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Purpose: To evaluate the current utilization trends of practicing surgeons performing and lateral extra-articular augmentation (LEA) at the time of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods: The survey was distributed via e-mail in August 2023 to members of the Arthroscopy Association of North America who identified as knee surgeons and was available online on the Arthroscopy Association of North America website from January to September 2023. The 18-question survey was designed regarding surgeons' surgical utilization patterns of LEA during ACLR.

Extreme solar storms and the quest for exact dating with radiocarbon.

Radiocarbon (C) is essential for creating chronologies to study the timings and drivers of pivotal events in human history and the Earth system over the past 55,000 years. It is also a fundamental proxy for investigating solar processes, including the potential of the Sun for extreme activity. Until now, fluctuations in past atmospheric C levels have limited the dating precision possible using radiocarbon.

A radiocarbon spike at 14 300 cal yr BP in subfossil trees provides the impulse response function of the global carbon cycle during the Late Glacial.

We present new C results measured on subfossil Scots Pines recovered in the eroded banks of the Drouzet watercourse in the Southern French Alps. About 400 new C ages have been analysed on 15 trees sampled at annual resolution. The resulting ΔC record exhibits an abrupt spike occurring in a single year at 14 300-14 299 cal yr BP and a century-long event between 14 and 13.

A paleogenome from a Holocene individual supports genetic continuity in Southeast Alaska.

Many specifics of the population histories of the Indigenous peoples of North America remain contentious owing to a dearth of physical evidence. Only few ancient human genomes have been recovered from the Pacific Northwest Coast, a region increasingly supported as a coastal migration route for the initial peopling of the Americas. Here, we report paleogenomic data from the remains of a ∼3,000-year-old female individual from Southeast Alaska, named ().

Olive shrub buried on Therasia supports a mid-16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption.

The precise date of the 2nd millennium BCE ("Minoan") eruption of Thera (Santorini) has long been a focus of controversy due to a discrepancy between archaeological and radiocarbon-based dating of materials from stratigraphic layers above and below tsunami, ash and pumice deposits resulting from the eruption. A critical, though controversial, piece of evidence has been four segments of a radiocarbon-dated olive tree branch, buried on Thera during the eruption. Here we report new radiocarbon evidence from an olive shrub found carbonized by the same eruption deposits on neighboring Therasia (Santorini).

Ancient bears provide insights into Pleistocene ice age refugia in Southeast Alaska.

During the Late Pleistocene, major parts of North America were periodically covered by ice sheets. However, there are still questions about whether ice-free refugia were present in the Alexander Archipelago along the Southeast (SE) Alaska coast during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Numerous subfossils have been recovered from caves in SE Alaska, including American black (Ursus americanus) and brown (U.

Consent for orthopaedic trauma surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a series of new challenges to the management of surgical patients. The consent process relies on a foundation of open and non-coerced discussion between clinician and patient, which includes all the potential risks of surgery. This must be updated to incorporate the additional risks of surgery during the pandemic including infection with the SARS-CoV-2 and increased risks of complications with the potential requirement for intensive care support.

Synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit from and measurement of its inflammatory properties.

The roles played by the gut microbiome in human health are increasingly recognized, and the prevalence of specific microorganisms has been correlated with different diseases. For example, blooms of the Gram-positive bacterium have been correlated with inflammatory bowel disease, and recently a polysaccharide produced by this organism was shown to stimulate release of inflammatory cytokines. This stimulation was proposed to signal through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).

Response to Comment on "A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago".

Our paper about the impacts of the Laschamps Geomagnetic Excursion 42,000 years ago has provoked considerable scientific and public interest, particularly in the so-called Adams Event associated with the initial transition of the magnetic poles. Although we welcome the opportunity to discuss our new ideas, Hawks’ assertions of misrepresentation are especially disappointing given his limited examination of the material.

Response to Comment on "A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago".

Our study on the exact timing and the potential climatic, environmental, and evolutionary consequences of the Laschamps Geomagnetic Excursion has generated the hypothesis that geomagnetism represents an unrecognized driver in environmental and evolutionary change. It is important for this hypothesis to be tested with new data, and encouragingly, none of the studies presented by Picin . undermine our model.

Radiocarbon: A key tracer for studying Earth's dynamo, climate system, carbon cycle, and Sun.

Radiocarbon (C), as a consequence of its production in the atmosphere and subsequent dispersal through the carbon cycle, is a key tracer for studying the Earth system. Knowledge of past C levels improves our understanding of climate processes, the Sun, the geodynamo, and the carbon cycle. Recently updated radiocarbon calibration curves (IntCal20, SHCal20, and Marine20) provide unprecedented accuracy in our estimates of C levels back to the limit of the C technique (~55,000 years ago).

Prospective pan-cancer germline testing using MSK-IMPACT informs clinical translation in 751 patients with pediatric solid tumors.

The spectrum of germline predisposition in pediatric cancer continues to be realized. Here we report 751 solid tumor patients who underwent prospective matched tumor-normal DNA sequencing and downstream clinical use (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01775072).

Extracellular vesicle and particle isolation from human and murine cell lines, tissues, and bodily fluids.

We developed a modified protocol, based on differential ultracentrifugation (dUC), to isolate extracellular vesicles and particles (specifically exomeres) (EVPs) from various human and murine sources, including cell lines, surgically resected tumors and adjacent tissues, and bodily fluids, such as blood, lymphatic fluid, and bile. The diversity of these samples requires robust and highly reproducible protocols and refined isolation technology, such as asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). Our isolation protocol allows for preparation of EVPs for various downstream applications, including proteomic profiling.

Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is characterized by the t(11;22) (p13:q12) translocation. Few additional putative drivers have been identified, and research has suffered from a lack of model systems. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 68 matched tumor-normal samples, whole-genome sequencing data from 10 samples, transcriptomic and affymetrix array data, and a bank of DSRCT patient-derived xenograft (PDX) are presented.

Cowden syndrome: new clinical features in a large family; joint hyperextensibility, dental abnormalities and gingival enlargement.

A 4-year-old boy presented with his mother to genetics in the 1980s, with a family history (FH) of macrocephaly and intellectual disability (ID). He remained undiagnosed until his mother developed multiple cancers and was diagnosed with Cowden syndrome (CS) in 2017, a rare, multisystem cancer predisposition syndrome. CS was then confirmed in multiple family members.

An early dog from southeast Alaska supports a coastal route for the first dog migration into the Americas.

The oldest confirmed remains of domestic dogs in North America are from mid-continent archaeological sites dated approximately 9900 calibrated years before present (cal BP). Although this date suggests that dogs may not have arrived alongside the first Native Americans, the timing and routes for the entrance of New World dogs remain uncertain. Here, we present a complete mitochondrial genome of a dog from southeast Alaska, dated to 10 150 ± 260 cal BP.

Long-term cerebrovascular outcomes after bariatric surgery: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: The proinflammatory state and metabolic changes associated with obesity contribute to cerebrovascular disease. Bariatric surgery can achieve a reliable reduction in body weight and improved metabolic profile in obese patients. However, its impact on cerebrovascular morbidity remains unexplored.

A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago.

Geological archives record multiple reversals of Earth's magnetic poles, but the global impacts of these events, if any, remain unclear. Uncertain radiocarbon calibration has limited investigation of the potential effects of the last major magnetic inversion, known as the Laschamps Excursion [41 to 42 thousand years ago (ka)]. We use ancient New Zealand kauri trees () to develop a detailed record of atmospheric radiocarbon levels across the Laschamps Excursion.

Current surgical management of children with osteosarcoma and pulmonary metastatic disease: A survey of the American Pediatric Surgical Association.

Background: Rates of long-term survival for children with pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma are low, and complete surgical resection of all visible pulmonary metastases is necessary for long term survival. Surgical approaches for metastasectomy include thoracotomy and thoracoscopy, with the approach chosen influenced by training and institutional bias. Thoracotomy with manual palpation of lung surfaces can identify nodules not seen on preoperative imaging, but no clear survival benefit has been demonstrated compared to complete thoracoscopic resection of all visible nodules.

Appendectomy Versus Observation for Appendicitis in Neutropenic Children With Cancer.

Background: Optimal management of neutropenic appendicitis (NA) in children undergoing cancer therapy remains undefined. Management strategies include upfront appendectomy or initial nonoperative management. We aimed to characterize the effect of management strategy on complications and length of stay (LOS) and describe implications for chemotherapy delay or alteration.

Suboptimal outcome for patients with biliary rhabdomyosarcoma treated on low-risk clinical trials: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.

Background: Biliary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common biliary tumor in children. The biliary tract is classified as a favorable primary site. Therefore, patients with localized biliary RMS were included in two consecutive low-risk studies, D9602 and ARST0331, by the Children's Oncology Group (COG).