Detecting a Stroke-Affected Region in the Brain by Scanning with Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Waves in the Radio Frequency/Microwave Band.

There is a compelling need for a new form of head scanner to diagnose whether a patient is experiencing a stroke. Crucially, the scanner must be quickly and safely deployable at the site of the emergency to reduce the time between a diagnosis and treatment being commenced. That will help to improve the long-term outlook for many patients, which in turn will help to reduce the high cost of stroke to national economies.

An unwitnessed case of foreign body aspiration of barium from an unknown source.

Foreign body (FB) aspiration is potentially life-threatening in children. A variety of sources and objects have been noted in aspiration events with possible complications ranging from mild to life-threatening. While rare, barium aspiration can cause severe complications, and removal is particularly challenging.

Care of pediatric tracheostomy in the immediate postoperative period and timing of first tube change.

Objective: To analyze the safety of a standardized pediatric tracheostomy care protocol in the immediate postoperative period and its impact on tracheostomy related complications.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Subjects: Pediatric patients undergoing tracheotomy from February 2010-February 2014.

Large cervicothoracic thymic cyst causing prominent airway deviation in a 3-day-old neonate.

Cervicothoracic mass in the pediatric population is uncommon and has a broad differential diagnosis. Frequently, masses in the cervical region present with airway compromise, particularly in younger patients. We present a case of an extremely large cervicothoracic mass causing airway obstruction in a 3-day-old, otherwise healthy male infant.

Attitudes of children with dysphonia.

Because voice disorders in childhood may have a negative impact on communicative effectiveness, social development, and self-esteem, the objective was to determine the impact of voice disorders on lives of children from the perspective of chronically dysphonic children and their parents. This study consisted of focused interviews with chronically dysphonic children and their caregivers. Focused interviews were conducted with 10 children in each of the following age groups: Toddler (2-4 years old), Young Child (5-7 years old), School-Aged Child (8-12 years old), and Adolescent (13-18 years old).

Nasal irrigation for the alleviation of sinonasal symptoms.

Objective: To determine the effect of nasal irrigation on sinonasal symptoms.

Study Design And Setting: A total of 150 adult subjects with chronic sinusitis symptoms were recruited from the community and assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: nasal irrigation with bulb syringe, nasal irrigation with nasal irrigation pot, or control treatment with reflexology massage. Groups 1 and 2 performed daily hypertonic saline irrigation with 1 device for 2 weeks and then with the other device for 2 weeks.

Diagnosis of fibromatosis colli by fine-needle aspiration.

Fibromatosis colli is a benign disorder presenting as a neck mass in neonates and older children. The differential diagnosis includes malignancies such as rhabdomyosarcoma. Neck masses in ten infants, discovered between the second and sixth week of age, were evaluated by fine-needle aspiration (FNA).

Obstructive sleep apnea in children with achondroplasia: surgical and anesthetic considerations.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in a large population of children with achondroplasia and to evaluate the effectiveness of adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy as treatment.

Methods: Retrospective review of 95 children with achondroplasia.

Results: Thirty-six patients (38%) had clinical evidence of obstructive sleep apnea.

The bridging bronchus. Successful diagnosis and repair.

Anomalies of bronchial branching are infrequent and may be difficult to diagnose. The bridging bronchus is a rarely reported anomaly that may not be as sporadic as once thought. We describe an infant with respiratory distress whose right middle and lower lobes were supplied by a bridging bronchus arising from the left main bronchus.

Efficacy of adenoidectomy in relieving symptoms of chronic sinusitis in children.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of adenoidectomy in relieving symptoms of chronic sinusitis in children.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Generalized mean-field or master equation for nonlinear cavities with transverse effects.

We present a general form of master equation for nonlinear-optical cavities that can be described by an ABCD matrix. It includes as special cases some previous models of spatiotemporal effects in lasers.

Paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction in an infant with stridor and gastroesophageal reflux.

This article presents the case history of a 4 month old infant diagnosed with Paradoxical Vocal Cord Dysfunction (PVCD) secondary to gastroesophageal reflux. The child presented with intermittent stridor which responded promptly to treatment of her reflux. This is believed to be the youngest person with PVCD reported in the literature and supports the concept that PVCD may be associated with multiple etiologies.

Auricular cartilage versus costal cartilage as a grafting material in experimental laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Auricular cartilage has been used clinically as an alternative material to costal cartilage for implantation during laryngotracheal reconstructive surgery. Little information is available concerning the healing characteristics or the durability of these two types of graft. The authors of this study examined the rate of epithelialization and the survival of cartilage in a rabbit model of anterior tracheal wall reconstruction and directly compared auricular and costal cartilage grafts.

Non-radiological technique for three-dimensional imaging of endoscopes.

A novel system is described which images in three dimensions, the total configuration of a colonoscope without the use of conventional radiological techniques. A low intensity magnetic field is used in conjunction with a miniature inductive sensor. The system intrinsically safe and it is potentially inexpensive and capable of being used in a normal hospital environment.

Kerr lens effects in a ring resonator with an aperture:mode locking and unidirectional operation.

A ring resonator containing a Kerr lens and a Gaussian slit is analyzed. From the point of view of Kerr lens mode locking, it is shown that a self-defocusing nonlinear element is as effective as a self-focusing one and that the positioning of the Kerr element introduces trade-offs between self-starting and operational stabilization. The nonlinearity can lead to unidirectional lasing.

Spatial ring emission and filament formation in an optical fiber with a saturable nonlinear cladding.

We present numerical simulations of Gaussian beam propagation in an optical fiber with a linear core and a saturable self-focusing cladding. Cylindrical nonlinear waves are emitted from the core into the cladding and are initially localized only in the radial direction, forming rings. These rings can break their cylindrical symmetry through a transverse instability, which yields filaments localized both azimuthally and radially, most of which stay close to the core for long propagation distances.