Together again but no need to play: Dissociating effects of isolation and separation on social interaction in female rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Play behavior has been extensively studied across species, but its direct role in social relationships remains unclear. Here we use an "isolation versus separation" protocol to identify behaviors associated with relationship renewal in adolescent female rats. Members of a dyad that had been separated for 24 hr, without isolation from other peers, initially increased investigative behaviors relative to nonseparated peers; however, in contrast with social isolation, separation by itself did not increase rough-and-tumble play.

North American pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) is a genetic resource to improve Andean quinoa (C. quinoa).

Pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) is a free-living North American member of an allotetraploid complex that includes the Andean pseudocereal quinoa (C. quinoa). Like quinoa, pitseed goosefoot was domesticated, possibly independently, in eastern North America (subsp.

Utilization of Instrumentation in Swallowing Assessment of Surgical Patients during COVID-19.

The aim of this study is to describe a measured return to instrumental dysphagia assessments for our vulnerable surgical patient population, such that best practice patterns could be resumed and our staff kept safe from transmission of COVID-19. A retrospective medical record review provided data on clinical practice patterns of swallowing assessment in an at-risk surgical patient population. Outcomes of this study support protocols that allow clinicians to safely resume the use of instrumental assessment and return to best practice in dysphagia assessment for our surgical patient population.

A chromosome-scale reference of Chenopodium watsonii helps elucidate relationships within the North American A-genome Chenopodium species and with quinoa.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), an Andean pseudocereal, attained global popularity beginning in the early 2000s due to its protein quality, glycemic index, and high fiber, vitamin, and mineral contents. Pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri), quinoa's North American free-living sister species, grows on disturbed and sandy substrates across the North America, including saline coastal sands, southwestern deserts, subtropical highlands, the Great Plains, and boreal forests. Together with South American avian goosefoot (Chenopodium hircinum) they comprise the American tetraploid goosefoot complex (ATGC).

Interdisciplinary considerations for diagnosing aphasia in the schizoaffective patient: A case report.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia present with both cognitive impairment as well as language difficulties. There are similarities in the language output of patients with schizophrenia and patients with aphasia, thus a differential diagnosis of patients who present with a question of dual diagnoses can be a clinical challenge. This case report highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to a patient with schizophrenia who benefitted from intervention from both psychiatry and speech-language pathology services due to the patient's unique verbal output.

Best Practice in Swallowing Assessment in COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the world as we know it. Service delivery for the instrumental evaluation of dysphagia in hospitalized patients has been significantly impacted. In many institutions, instrumental assessment was halted or eliminated from the clinical workflow, leaving clinicians without evidence-based gold standards to definitively evaluate swallowing function.

Abnormalities of Aspiration and Swallowing Function in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Failure.

The mechanisms responsible for aspiration are relatively unknown in patients recovering from acute respiratory failure (ARF) who required mechanical ventilation. Though many conditions may contribute to swallowing dysfunction, alterations in laryngeal structure and swallowing function likely play a role in the development of aspiration. At four university-based tertiary medical centers, we conducted a prospective cohort study of ARF patients who required intensive care and mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h.

The Association Between Endotracheal Tube Size and Aspiration (During Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing) in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors.

Objectives: To determine whether a modifiable risk factor, endotracheal tube size, is associated with the diagnosis of postextubation aspiration in survivors of acute respiratory failure.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: ICUs at four academic tertiary care medical centers.

Development of an Accurate Bedside Swallowing Evaluation Decision Tree Algorithm for Detecting Aspiration in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors.

Background: The bedside swallowing evaluation (BSE) is an assessment of swallowing function and airway safety during swallowing. After extubation, the BSE often is used to identify the risk of aspiration in acute respiratory failure (ARF) survivors.

Research Question: We conducted a multicenter prospective study of ARF survivors to determine the accuracy of the BSE and to develop a decision tree algorithm to identify aspiration risk.

Evaluation of Swallow Function Post-Extubation: Is It Necessary to Wait 24 Hours?

Background: Post-extubation dysphagia is associated with an increased incidence of nosocomial pneumonias, longer hospitalizations, and higher re-intubation rates. The purpose of this study was to determine if it is necessary to delay swallow evaluation for 24 hours post-extubation.

Methods: A prospective investigation of swallowing was conducted at 1, 4, and 24 hours post-extubation to determine if it is necessary to delay swallow evaluation following intubation.

Relationship Between Laryngeal Sensation, Length of Intubation, and Aspiration in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure.

Dysphagia is common in hospitalized patients post-extubation and associated with poor outcomes. Laryngeal sensation is critical for airway protection and safe swallowing. However, current understanding of the relationship between laryngeal sensation and aspiration in post-extubation populations is limited.

Comparing accuracy of the Yale swallow protocol when administered by registered nurses and speech-language pathologists.

Aims And Objectives: (1) To describe the results of a web-based teaching module used by registered nurses to identify patients at risk of aspiration and (2) to determine accuracy of the registered nurse-administered 3-ounce water swallow challenge protocol, that is, drinking three ounces of water, a basic cognitive screen and oral mechanism evaluation, when compared with blinded ratings from speech-language pathology.

Background: Early identification of potential swallowing problems is important prior to ingestion of food, fluid and medications. Unfortunately, current nurse-administered screens use a variety of non-evidence-based assessments.

Laryngeal physiology and voice acoustics are maintained after minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.

Objectives: This prospective single-arm study investigated both laryngeal physiology and voice acoustic measures in patients undergoing minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) due to primary hyperparathyroidism (primary HPTH).

Background: Avoidance of recurrent or superior laryngeal nerve injury and maintenance of normal laryngeal physiology and vocal function are key goals in the treatment of primary HPTH. No data are available comparing pre- and postoperative MIP laryngeal physiology and voice acoustics.

Success of recommending oral diets in acute stroke patients based on passing a 90-cc water swallow challenge protocol.

Purpose: This study investigated the success of recommending specific oral diets following an acute stroke based on passing a 90-cc water swallow challenge protocol.

Method: The study was a single group consecutively referred case series design. The study took place in a large, urban, tertiary care teaching hospital and involved 75 acute adult stroke inpatients in a 90-cc water swallow challenge.

Effect of presence/absence of a nasogastric tube in the same person on incidence of aspiration.

Objective: To determine what effect, if any, the presence or absence of a nasogastric (NG) tube in the same person had on the incidence of anterograde aspiration.

Design: Case series with planned data collection.

Setting: Large, urban, tertiary care teaching hospital.

Initiating safe oral feeding in critically ill intensive care and step-down unit patients based on passing a 3-ounce (90 milliliters) water swallow challenge.

Background: Pulmonary aspiration is a leading cause of nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) and step-down unit (SDU). A key goal is to identify patients who exhibit increased aspiration risk before beginning oral alimentation. This study investigated the success of recommending specific oral diets to ICU and SDU patients based on passing a 3-oz water swallow challenge.