Accuracy of self-reported foot strike pattern detection among endurance runners.

Introduction: Foot strike pattern is often associated with running related injury and the focus of training and rehabilitation for athletes. The ability to modify foot strike pattern depends on awareness of foot strike pattern before being able to attempt change the pattern. Accurate foot strike pattern detection may help prevent running related injury (RRI) and facilitate gait modifications and shoe transitions.

The impact of body mass index on rehabilitation outcomes after lower limb amputation.

Purpose: To determine the effect of obesity on physical function and clinical outcome measures in patients who received inpatient rehabilitation services for lower extremity amputation.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients with lower extremity amputation (n = 951). Patients were stratified into five categories adjusted for limb loss mass across different levels of healthy body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity.

Figure Skating Musculoskeletal Injury: Evidence across Disciplines, Mechanisms, and Future Directions.

This review provides a synopsis of current injury patterns, potential mechanisms, and off-ice exercise prevention considerations as the sport of figure skating evolves. The lifetime prevalence of injury for all skaters is estimated to be 79.5%, with the most common sites being spine and lower extremity.

Protein phosphatase 1 suppresses PKR/EIF2α signaling during human cytomegalovirus infection.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects the majority of the world's population. Lytic HCMV replication in immunocompromised individuals or neonates can lead to severe disease in multiple organ systems and even death. The establishment of lytic replication is driven by the first viral proteins expressed upon infection, the immediate early proteins, which play a key role in creating an intracellular environment conducive to virus replication.

Sub-genomic flaviviral RNA elements increase the stability and abundance of recombinant AAV vector transcripts.

Unlabelled: Many viruses have evolved structured RNA elements that can influence transcript abundance and translational efficiency, and help evade host immune factors by hijacking cellular machinery during replication. Here, we evaluated the functional impact of sub-genomic flaviviral RNAs (sfRNAs) known to stall exoribonuclease activity, by incorporating these elements into recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) genome cassettes. Specifically, sfRNAs from Dengue, Zika, Japanese Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, Murray Valley Encephalitis, and West Nile viruses increased transcript stability and transgene expression compared to a conventional woodchuck hepatitis virus element (WPRE).

Impact of probiotic supplementation on exercise endurance among nonelite athletes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial.

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel trial investigated whether generally healthy adult, nonelite runners would have a greater time-to-exhaustion during submaximal treadmill running with probiotic versus placebo supplementation. It was hypothesized that the probiotic would impact training progression by reducing gastrointestinal (GI) and cold/flu symptoms. Participants who typically ran ≥24 km/week, ran or cross-trained 3-5 days per week, and had a maximal oxygen intake (V̇O max) in the 60-85th percentile were enrolled.

Body composition and body mass index are independently associated with widespread pain and experimental pain sensitivity in older adults: a pilot investigation.

Introduction: Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is prevalent in older adults and confers significant risk for loss of independence and low quality of life. While obesity is considered a risk factor for developing chronic MSK pain, both high and low body mass index (BMI) have been associated with greater pain reporting in older adults. Measures of body composition that distinguish between fat mass and lean mass may help to clarify the seemingly contradictory associations between BMI and MSK pain in this at-risk group.

Gait signatures of endurance runners with low back pain: A case controlled cross sectional study.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is an understudied condition among runners, and it is unclear what biomechanical features could be targeted for gait retraining to mitigate pain.

Research Question: How do running biomechanics differ between healthy individuals and those with running-related LBP?

Methods: This was a case-controlled, comparative study design of community runners: running-related LBP (n=52) and healthy controls (n=52). All runners completed running history forms and performed a 3-dimensional gait analysis.

Pilot Study on Therapeutic Horticulture for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Chronic low back pain (LBP) is common and associated with disability worldwide. Therapists trained in Therapeutic Horticulture (TH) use gardening activities and proximity to nature for therapy and rehabilitation. Patients seeking care for LBP would benefit physically and psychologically from participating in TH.

Considerations beyond spine pain: do different co-occurring lower body joint pains differentially influence physical function and quality of life ratings?

Background: Patients seeking medical care for back pain often have coexisting painful joints and the effects of different combinations and number of coexisting pain sites (hip, knee, foot/ankle) to back pain on physical function domains and quality of life rating are not yet established. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in functional outcomes and QOL among individuals with back pain who have concurrent additional pain sites or no pain sites.

Methods: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort were used for this cross-sectional analysis.

Identifying Risk Factors for Preexisting or Developing Low Back Pain in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Lacrosse Players Using 3-Dimensional Motion Analysis.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition that can affect athletes of all ages. The risk factors for LBP onset and worsening associated with the lacrosse shooting motion are not yet known.

Purpose: To identify training and biomechanical factors associated with preexisting LBP and development of LBP over 6 months in youth, high school, and collegiate lacrosse players.

Physical activity positively impacts disability outcomes during transition from midlife to early older age irrespective of body mass index.

We examined the effects of physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) longitudinal patterns (trajectories) on subjective measures of mobility, function, and disability in adults and assessed whether effects of PA trajectories on function varied due to BMI. Group-based trajectory analyses were used to determine patterns of change in PA and BMI using data from the Health and Retirement Study 1931-1941 birth cohort (n = 10,507). Physical function was assessed by Mobility Limitations (0-5 scale) and Large Muscle Function (0-4 scale) Indexes, as well as with score for activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), with higher scores being worse.

Child and Caregiver Beliefs of Importance of Physical Function and Quality of Life in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Survey Study.

Purpose: To evaluate patient-caregiver beliefs of relative importance across 4 domains while living with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, anonymous survey study conducted in an academic medical center. Participants with JIA and caregivers (N = 151) completed a Likert-style survey to rate items by importance of knowledge about 4 domains: medications, physical activity, routine measures, and quality of life.

Weight-cycling over 6 years is associated with pain, physical function and depression in the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort.

Body weight significantly impacts health and quality of life, and is a leading risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Weight cycling may have more negative health consequences compared to steady high or low weight. Using the Osteoarthritis Initiative dataset, we investigated the effects of weight cycling on physical function, quality of life, and depression over 72-months compared to stable or unidirectional body weight trajectories.

Characteristics and reported injuries of recreational and competitive archers.

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe basic characteristics of archery athletes and examine injuries reported among archers of a variety of demographic and experience levels.

Methods: Participants at various archery competitions were asked to complete a 27-item survey that included demographics, bow type, archery experience, archery training patterns and volume, and injury incidence and anatomical location.

Results: Two hundred and thirty-four complete surveys were included in the analysis.

Acute and chronic cardiovascular responses to concentric and eccentric exercise in older adults with knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: Muscle contraction type in resistance exercise training may confer benefits besides strength in individuals with osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. The purpose of the study was to explore whether Eccentric-resistance training (RT) improved hemodynamic responses to acute walking exercise stress compared to Concentric-RT among individuals with knee OA over four months.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis from a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study.

Evidence-Based Dietary Practices to Improve Osteoarthritis Symptoms: An Umbrella Review.

While there is some research investigating whole foods or diets that are easily understood and accessible to patients with osteoarthritis, specific nutrients or nutraceuticals are more commonly identified. Unfortunately, guidelines and evidence surrounding individual nutrients, extracts, and nutraceuticals are conflicting and are more difficult to interpret and implement for patients with osteoarthritis. The purpose of this umbrella review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing evidence of whole foods and dietary patterns effects on osteoarthritis-related outcomes to inform evidence-based recommendations for healthcare professionals and identify areas where more research is warranted.

A Research and Clinical Framework for Understanding Achilles Injury in Female Collegiate Gymnasts.

Gymnastics is a popular sport with a high injury rate, particularly at the collegiate level. Achilles tendon rupture is a catastrophic injury with career-changing impact. Over the last decade, there has been a growing incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures, especially in female gymnasts.

Development of a Moral Resilience Collaborative Program During a Pandemic.

Elevated psychological stress can lead to moral distress affecting health care workers and organizations affecting patient care, job satisfaction, and retention. A Moral Resilience Collaborative program was implemented through an academic partnership between a school of nursing and a rehabilitation facility to provide the health care workers in the facility the skills necessary for self-management of moral distress and move them toward moral resilience. Moral distress and resiliency were measured pre-implementation using the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) and Short Resiliency Survey (SRS), respectively.

Telerehabilitation service impact on physical function and adherence compared to face-to-face rehabilitation in patients with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to (1) appraise the available evidence of telerehabilitation program effects on functional outcomes, adherence, and patient satisfaction compared to face-to-face programs after stroke; and (2) provide direction for future outcome measure selection and development for clinical research purposes. TYPE: Systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Literature Survey: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Proquest Theses and Dissertations, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Clinicaltrials.

Evidence Review for Preventing Osteoarthritis After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An Osteoarthritis Action Alliance Consensus Statement.

Context: The Osteoarthritis Action Alliance formed a secondary prevention task group to develop a consensus on secondary prevention recommendations to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis after a knee injury.

Objective: Our goal was to provide clinicians with secondary prevention recommendations that are intended to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis after a person has sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Specifically, this manuscript describes our methods, literature reviews, and dissenting opinions to elaborate on the rationale for our recommendations and to identify critical gaps.

Preventing Osteoarthritis After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An Osteoarthritis Action Alliance Consensus Statement.

After an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, people need secondary prevention strategies to identify osteoarthritis at its earliest stages so that interventions can be implemented to halt or slow the progression toward its long-term burden. The Osteoarthritis Action Alliance formed an interdisciplinary Secondary Prevention Task Group to develop a consensus on recommendations to provide clinicians with secondary prevention strategies that are intended to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis after a person has an ACL injury. The group achieved consensus on 15 out of 16 recommendations that address patient education, exercise and rehabilitation, psychological skills training, graded-exposure therapy, cognitive-behavioral counseling (lacked consensus), outcomes to monitor, secondary injury prevention, system-level social support, leveraging technology, and coordinated care models.

Short-Term Impact of Exercise Fitness Testing in a Pediatric Metabolic and Obesity Clinic: Initiative to Improve Health Care Quality.

This 2-phase pilot initiative determined whether (1) fitness testing could feasibly be implemented in pediatric practice, and (2) short-term changes in fitness and body mass index occur with Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-based (SMART) goals. Phase 1 ( = 580), clinic feasibility: evidence-based prognostic tests were successfully performed to measure cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; 3-minute bench step), strength (handgrip dynamometry), and flexibility (sit-and-reach distance). Mean CRF percentile was 58.