A Role for Exchange of Extracellular Vesicles in Porcine Spermatogonial Co-Culture.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) provide the basis for lifelong male fertility through self-renewal and differentiation. Prepubertal male cancer patients may be rendered infertile by gonadotoxic chemotherapy and, unlike sexually mature men, cannot store sperm. Alternatively, testicular biopsies taken prior to treatment may be used to restore fertility in adulthood.

The reproductive success of bovine sperm after sex-sorting: a meta-analysis.

In the three decades since its inception, the sex-sorting technology has progressed significantly. However, field studies report conflicting findings regarding reproductive outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis of all trials published between 1999 and 2021.

Bovine sperm-oviduct interactions are characterized by specific sperm behaviour, ultrastructure and tubal reactions which are impacted by sex sorting.

To date sperm-oviduct interactions have largely been investigated under in vitro conditions. Therefore we set out to characterize the behaviour of bovine spermatozoa within the sperm reservoir under near in vivo conditions and in real-time using a novel live cell imaging technology and a newly established fluorescent sperm binding assay. Sperm structure and tubal reactions after sperm binding were analysed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry.

Exploring patient preference regarding interpreter use in primary care.

Background: Effective communication is considered an essential component of delivering health care. Trained, professional interpreters are the gold standard for overcoming language barriers with those with limited English proficiency (LEP). However, LEP patients often use unqualified interpreters such as family members and friends.

Early embryo-maternal communication in the oviduct: A review.

An intact embryo-maternal communication is critical for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. To date, a huge number of studies have been performed describing the complex process of embryo-maternal signaling within the uterus. However, recent studies indicate that the early embryo communicates with the oviductal cells shortly after fertilizationand that this is important for the successful establishment of pregnancy.

Key attributes of global partnerships in food and nutrition to align research agendas and improve public health.

Partnerships among academia, government, and industry have emerged in response to global challenges in food and nutrition. At a workshop reviewing international partnerships, we concluded that to build a partnership, partners must establish a common goal, identify barriers, and engage all stakeholders to ensure project sustainability. To be effective, partnerships must synchronize methodologies and adopt evidence-based processes, and be led by governmental or nonprofit organizations to ensure trust among partners and with the public.

Mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes associated with hematologic malignancies.

Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of dermatoses that demonstrate a range of morphological and pathological findings. These syndromes may precede, be concurrent with, or follow the diagnosis of an underlying malignancy. Treatment of the malignancy is often associated with improvement in or resolution of the mucosal and cutaneous disease; however, this is not the case with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP).

Solventless sampling of phthalate esters.

An environmentally friendly method to passively sample six phthalate esters in water has been devised. The sampling device consists of a semi-permeable membrane, which the analytes diffuse through and are collected onto Tenax TA. The Tenax TA was then thermally desorbed with a helium stream into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) after the sampling period.

Permeation sampling of phthalate esters in water.

A method for sampling the six phthalate esters considered priority pollutants by the United States EPA has been developed. The sampling device utilizes a silicone polycarbonate membrane (SSP-M213) through which the analytes permeate and are collected onto an adsorbent, Amberlite XAD-16. After a known period, the samplers were removed from the water and the analytes were extracted from the adsorbent using dichloromethane/hexane (50:50, v/v), with the resulting solution analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.

Effects of MHC and gender on lupus-like autoimmunity in Nba2 congenic mice.

The lupus-like disease that develops in hybrids of NZB and NZW mice is genetically complex, involving both MHC- and non-MHC-encoded genes. Studies in this model have indicated that the H2d/z MHC type, compared with H2d/d or H2z/z, is critical for disease development. C57BL/6 (B6) mice (H2b/b) congenic for NZB autoimmunity 2 (Nba2), a NZB-derived susceptibility locus on distal chromosome 1, produce autoantibodies to nuclear Ags, but do not develop kidney disease.

Activation of carbonic anhydrase II by active-site incorporation of histidine analogs.

The hydration of CO2 catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is accompanied by proton transfer from the zinc-bound water of the enzyme to solution. We have replaced the proton shuttling residue His 64 with Ala and placed cysteine residues within the active-site cavity by mutating sites Trp 5, Asn 62, Ile 91, and Phe 131. These mutants were modified at the single inserted cysteine with imidazole analogs to introduce new potential shuttle groups.

Direct atmospheric pressure coupling of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to mass spectrometry for rapid protein sequence analysis.

Using laser desorption-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization we describe a novel approach for coupling mass spectrometry to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to other approaches, the method allows for the direct sampling of a polyacrylamide gel-embedded protein without the addition of any exogenous matrixes and is performed at atmospheric pressure. After electrophoresis and enzymatic digestion, the gel is analyzed at AP by photons that desorb neutral peptide molecules, followed by corona discharge ionization in the gas-phase, and subsequent mass analysis.

Laser desorption-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization: a novel ion source for the direct coupling of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to mass spectrometry.

Laser desorption-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LD-APCI-MS) is presented for the atmospheric pressure (AP) sampling of tryptic peptides directly from a polyacrylamide gel. In contrast to other gel sampling mass spectrometric approaches, this technique does not require the addition of any exogenous matrices to the gel to assist with ionization. In this arrangement, a CO(2) laser at 10.