Vectored Thermal Pulsation as a Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review Spanning 15 Years.

The LipiFlow Thermal Pulsation System received its first marketing clearance for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) 13 years ago. Since then, the evidence evaluating the effectiveness and safety of LipiFlow as a treatment for MGD has grown significantly. The objective of this comprehensive review was to summarize all clinical reports evaluating the effectiveness and safety of LipiFlow over the past 15 years.

Safety of lidocaine 15% and prilocaine 5% topical ointment used as local anesthesia for intense pulsed light treatment.

Background: Literature cautions against applying lidocaine 15%/prilocaine 5% over an area larger than 300 cm(2). The area of the face, neck, and chest is 400 cm(2) or greater.

Objective: To investigate the safety of lidocaine 15%/prilocaine 5% topical anesthetic ointment used as anesthesia for intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment.

Olanzapine versus divalproex versus placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate mania: a randomized, 12-week, double-blind study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine, divalproex, and placebo in a randomized, double-blind trial in mild to moderate mania (DSM-IV-TR criteria).

Method: The study was conducted from October 2004 to December 2006. A total of 521 patients from private practices, hospitals, and university clinics were randomly assigned to olanzapine (5-20 mg/day), divalproex (500-2500 mg/day), or placebo for 3 weeks; those completing continued with a 9-week double-blind extension.

Olanzapine plus carbamazepine v. carbamazepine alone in treating manic episodes.

Background: Combinations of olanzapine and carbamazepine are often used in clinical practice in the management of mania.

Aims: To assess the efficacy and safety of olanzapine plus carbamazepine in mixed and manic bipolar episodes.

Method: Randomised, double-blind, 6-week trial of olanzapine (10-30 mg/day) plus carbamazepine (400-1200 mg/day; n=58) v.

Age-dependent effects of nicotine on locomotor activity and conditioned place preference in rats.

Rationale: Most adult smokers start smoking during their adolescence. This adolescent initiation may be due to multiple factors, but little evidence is available regarding whether their brains are differentially sensitive to the addictive effects of nicotine during adolescence.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that adolescents are more sensitive than adults to nicotine's rewarding actions.

Cerebral spinal fluid pressure: effects of body position and lumbar subarachnoid drainage in a canine model.

Study Design: This study used in vivo an model of subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurement.

Objectives: To examine the relation between subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the cervical and lumbar spine and varying body positions, and to test the hypothesis that increasing body inclination and lumbar subarachnoid drainage decreases cervical cerebrospinal fluid pressures.

Summary Of Background Data: Cerebrospinal fluid leaks are a recognized complication of anterior or posterior cervical surgery.

Sustained spinal cord compression: part I: time-dependent effect on long-term pathophysiology.

Background: The objective of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between the duration of sustained spinal cord compression and the extent of spinal cord injury and the capacity for functional recovery after decompression.

Methods: Sixteen dogs underwent sustained spinal cord compression for thirty or 180 minutes. The cords were compressed with use of a loading device with a hydraulic piston.