Case study: Treating infraspinatus and supraspinatus trigger points and supraspinatus tendinopathy utilizing piezoelectric shockwave.

Two individual case studies demonstrate piezoelectric shockwave treatment for the resolution of a supraspinatus tendinopathy and supraspinatus and infraspinatus myofascial trigger points (MTPs) musculoskeletal ultrasound. This is the first documentation of improvement of both tendon and muscle fiber patterns in canine patients treated with piezoelectric shockwave. These cases validate the use of piezoelectric shockwave during the rehabilitation of common canine shoulder injuries.

Specification of female germline by microRNA orchestrated auxin signaling in Arabidopsis.

Germline determination is essential for species survival and evolution in multicellular organisms. In most flowering plants, formation of the female germline is initiated with specification of one megaspore mother cell (MMC) in each ovule; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this key event remains unclear. Here we report that spatially restricted auxin signaling promotes MMC fate in Arabidopsis.

Dynamic changes in primexine during the tetrad stage of pollen development.

Formation of pollen wall exine is preceded by the development of several transient layers of extracellular materials deposited on the surface of developing pollen grains. One such layer is primexine (PE), a thin, ephemeral structure that is present only for a short period of time and is difficult to visualize and study. Recent genetic studies suggested that PE is a key factor in the formation of exine, making it critical to understand its composition and the dynamics of its formation.

Understanding the experience of the implementer: teachers' perspectives on implementing a classroom-based nutrition education program.

School-based programs are widely implemented to combat childhood obesity, but these programs have mixed results. Dissemination and implementation science approaches to evaluation using qualitative methods can provide more robust details about program functioning that may be able to help explain the variation in the impact of these programs. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted with classroom teachers implementing a school-based program, the Integrated Nutrition Education Program (INEP), to explore their experience.

Motor learning rapidly increases synaptogenesis and astrocytic structural plasticity in the rat cerebellum.

Motor-skill learning is associated with cerebellar synaptogenesis and astrocytic hypertrophy, but most of these assessments of cerebellar ultrastructure have been completed after one month of training. After one month of training, the motor-skills necessary to complete these tasks have been acquired for weeks. This experiment aimed to characterize cerebellar ultrastructure during the acquisition phase of motor-skill learning, at a point when performance is still improving.

Aerobic exercise increases sprouting angiogenesis in the male rat motor cortex.

Exercise is beneficial to brain health, and historically, the advantageous effects of exercise on the brain have been attributed to neuronal plasticity. However, it has also become clear that the brain vascular system also exhibits plasticity in response to exercise. This plasticity occurs in areas involved in movement, such as the motor cortex.

Calcium/Phosphate Solubility Curves for Premasol and Trophamine Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Formulations.

Objectives: Calcium and phosphate incompatibility in parenteral nutrition formulations remains a critical concern for patient safety. This study examined calcium phosphate solubility for 2-in-1 admixtures prepared using 2 commercially available pediatric amino acid solutions (Premasol, Baxter Healthcare Corp; or Trophamine, B. Braun Medical Inc), applying identical test methods, storage conditions, and acceptance criteria.

Pollen wall degradation in the Brassicaceae permits cell emergence after pollination.

Premise Of The Study: Despite attempts to degrade the sporopollenin in pollen walls, this material has withstood a hundred years of experimental treatments and thousands of years of environmental attack in insects and soil. We present evidence that sporopollenin, nonetheless, locally degrades only minutes after pollination in Arabidopsis thaliana flowers, and describe here a two-part pollen germination mechanism in A. thaliana involving both chemical weakening of the exine wall and swelling of the underlying intine.

Mbd2 enables tumourigenesis within the intestine while preventing tumour-promoting inflammation.

Epigenetic regulation plays a key role in the link between inflammation and cancer. Here we examine Mbd2, which mediates epigenetic transcriptional silencing by binding to methylated DNA. In separate studies the Mbd2 mouse has been shown (1) to be resistant to intestinal tumourigenesis and (2) to have an enhanced inflammatory/immune response, observations that are inconsistent with the links between inflammation and cancer.

Effectiveness of SBIRT for Alcohol Use Disorders in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) place a significant burden on individuals and society. The emergency department (ED) offers a unique opportunity to address AUD with brief screening tools and early intervention. We undertook a systematic review of the effectiveness of ED brief interventions for patients identified through screening who are at risk for AUD, and the effectiveness of these interventions at reducing alcohol intake and preventing alcohol-related injuries.

Slanted support window-based stereo matching for surface reconstruction of microscopic samples.

This work is to address the limitations of 2D Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs in providing 3D topographical information necessary for various types of analysis in biological and biomedical sciences as well as mechanical and material engineering by investigating modern stereo vision methodologies for 3D surface reconstruction of microscopic samples. To achieve this, micrograph pairs of the microscopic samples are acquired by utilizing an SEM equipped with motor controlled specimen stage capable of precise translational, rotational movements and tilting of the specimen stage. After pre-processing of the micrographs by SIFT feature detection/description followed by RANSAC for matching outlier removal and stereo rectification, a dense stereo matching methodology is utilized which takes advantage of slanted support window formulation for sub-pixel accuracy stereo matching of the input images.

Pollen Aperture Factor INP1 Acts Late in Aperture Formation by Excluding Specific Membrane Domains from Exine Deposition.

Accurate placement of extracellular materials is a critical part of cellular development. To study how cells achieve this accuracy, we use formation of pollen apertures as a model. In Arabidopsis (), three regions on the pollen surface lack deposition of pollen wall exine and develop into apertures.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of highly complex microscopic samples using scanning electron microscopy and optical flow estimation.

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as one of the major research and industrial equipment for imaging of micro-scale samples and surfaces has gained extensive attention from its emerge. However, the acquired micrographs still remain two-dimensional (2D). In the current work a novel and highly accurate approach is proposed to recover the hidden third-dimension by use of multi-view image acquisition of the microscopic samples combined with pre/post-processing steps including sparse feature-based stereo rectification, nonlocal-based optical flow estimation for dense matching and finally depth estimation.

SD-SEM: sparse-dense correspondence for 3D reconstruction of microscopic samples.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging has been a principal component of many studies in biomedical, mechanical, and materials sciences since its emergence. Despite the high resolution of captured images, they remain two-dimensional (2D). In this work, a novel framework using sparse-dense correspondence is introduced and investigated for 3D reconstruction of stereo SEM images.

A rhamnose-deficient lipopolysaccharide mutant of Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 is defective in root colonization and beneficial interactions with its flooding-tolerant hosts Sesbania cannabina and wetland rice.

Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 develops a classical nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with the aquatic legume Sesbania cannabina (Retz.).

Control of Anther Cell Differentiation by the Small Protein Ligand TPD1 and Its Receptor EMS1 in Arabidopsis.

A fundamental feature of sexual reproduction in plants and animals is the specification of reproductive cells that conduct meiosis to form gametes, and the associated somatic cells that provide nutrition and developmental cues to ensure successful gamete production. The anther, which is the male reproductive organ in seed plants, produces reproductive microsporocytes (pollen mother cells) and surrounding somatic cells. The microsporocytes yield pollen via meiosis, and the somatic cells, particularly the tapetum, are required for the normal development of pollen.

3DSEM++: Adaptive and intelligent 3D SEM surface reconstruction.

Structural analysis of microscopic objects is a longstanding topic in several scientific disciplines, such as biological, mechanical, and materials sciences. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), as a promising imaging equipment has been around for decades to determine the surface properties (e.g.

3DSEM: A 3D microscopy dataset.

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as a 2D imaging instrument has been widely used in many scientific disciplines including biological, mechanical, and materials sciences to determine the surface attributes of microscopic objects. However the SEM micrographs still remain 2D images. To effectively measure and visualize the surface properties, we need to truly restore the 3D shape model from 2D SEM images.

Ectopic expression of TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 affects ovule development in Arabidopsis.

Plants have evolved to extensively employ leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs), the largest family of RLKs, to control growth, development, and defense. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1 (EMS1) LRR-RLK and its potential small protein ligand TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 (TPD1) are specifically required for anther cell differentiation; however, TPD1 and EMS1 orthologs also control megaspore mother cell proliferation in rice and maize ovules. Here, the molecular function of TPD1 was demonstrated during ovule development in Arabidopsis using a gain-of-function approach.

Recent advances in 3D SEM surface reconstruction.

The scanning electron microscope (SEM), as one of the most commonly used instruments in biology and material sciences, employs electrons instead of light to determine the surface properties of specimens. However, the SEM micrographs still remain 2D images. To effectively measure and visualize the surface attributes, we need to restore the 3D shape model from the SEM images.

A dominant role for the methyl-CpG-binding protein Mbd2 in controlling Th2 induction by dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) direct CD4(+) T-cell differentiation into diverse helper (Th) subsets that are required for protection against varied infections. However, the mechanisms used by DCs to promote Th2 responses, which are important both for immunity to helminth infection and in allergic disease, are currently poorly understood. We demonstrate a key role for the protein methyl-CpG-binding domain-2 (Mbd2), which links DNA methylation to repressive chromatin structure, in regulating expression of a range of genes that are associated with optimal DC activation and function.

Probability-based compatibility curves for calcium and phosphates in parenteral nutrition formulations.

Background: The information content of the calcium phosphate compatibility curves for adult parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions may benefit from a more sophisticated statistical treatment. Binary logistic regression analyses were evaluated as part of an alternate method for generating formulation compatibility curves.

Materials And Methods: A commercial PN solution was challenged with a systematic array of calcium and phosphate concentrations.

Interactions between Parenteral Lipid Emulsions and Container Surfaces.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between changes in emulsion globule size distributions and container uptake of lipid emulsions in total nutrient admixtures.

Methods: A total nutrient admixture was prepared from a commercial lipid emulsion, 20% ClinOleic®, separated into glass (borosilicate) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) plastic containers, and then stored at ambient conditions for approximately 24 h. The large globule size distribution was monitored continuously for both containers, and the quantity of triglycerides associated with both containers was measured by liquid chromatography.

Arabidopsis ETHE1 encodes a sulfur dioxygenase that is essential for embryo and endosperm development.

Mutations in human (Homo sapiens) ETHYLMALONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PROTEIN1 (ETHE1) result in the complex metabolic disease ethylmalonic encephalopathy, which is characterized in part by brain lesions, lactic acidemia, excretion of ethylmalonic acid, and ultimately death. ETHE1-like genes are found in a wide range of organisms; however, the biochemical and physiological role(s) of ETHE1 have not been examined outside the context of ethylmalonic encephalopathy. In this study we characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ETHE1 and determined the effect of an ETHE1 loss-of-function mutation to investigate the role(s) of ETHE1 in plants.