Deriving Human Intestinal Organoids with Functional Tissue-Resident Macrophages All From Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Background & Aims: Organs of the gastrointestinal tract contain tissue-resident immune cells that function during tissue development, homeostasis, and disease. However, most published human organoid model systems lack resident immune cells, thus limiting their potential as disease avatars. For example, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from pluripotent stem cells contain epithelial and various mesenchymal cell types but lack immune cells.

Enteroendocrine cells regulate intestinal homeostasis and epithelial function.

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are well-known for their systemic hormonal effects, especially in the regulation of appetite and glycemia. Much less is known about how the products made by EECs regulate their local environment within the intestine. Here, we focus on paracrine interactions between EECs and other intestinal cells as they regulate three essential aspects of intestinal homeostasis and physiology: 1) intestinal stem cell function and proliferation; 2) nutrient absorption; and 3) mucosal barrier function.

Words Can Hurt: A Taxonomy of Verbally Pressured Sexual Exploitation in the SES-V.

This article describes the development of the Verbally Pressured Sexual Exploitation module of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES)-Victimization (introduced by Koss et al., 2024). This module assesses the use of verbal or nonphysical, paraverbal pressure to obtain sexual acts without freely given permission.

The Revised Sexual Experiences Survey Victimization Version (SES-V): Conceptualization, Modifications, Items and Scoring.

The Sexual Experiences Survey [SES] is considered the gold standard measure of non-consensual sexual experiences. This article introduces a new victimization version [SES-V] developed by a multidisciplinary collaboration, the first revision since 2007. The 2024 SES-V is designed to measure the construct of sexual exploitation since the 14th birthday.

RFX6 regulates human intestinal patterning and function upstream of PDX1.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is complex and consists of multiple organs with unique functions. Rare gene variants can cause congenital malformations of the human GI tract, although the molecular basis of these has been poorly studied. We identified a patient with compound-heterozygous variants in RFX6 presenting with duodenal malrotation and atresia, implicating RFX6 in development of the proximal intestine.

Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences in Sexual Violence Knowledge, Prevention Behaviors, and Care-Seeking Behaviors.

Sexual violence (SV) on college campuses disproportionately affects cisgender (nontransgender) women, sexual minorities (e.g., gays/lesbians, bisexuals), and gender minority (e.

Development of functional resident macrophages in human pluripotent stem cell-derived colonic organoids and human fetal colon.

Most organs have tissue-resident immune cells. Human organoids lack these immune cells, which limits their utility in modeling many normal and disease processes. Here, we describe that pluripotent stem cell-derived human colonic organoids (HCOs) co-develop a diverse population of immune cells, including hemogenic endothelium (HE)-like cells and erythromyeloid progenitors that undergo stereotypical steps in differentiation, resulting in the generation of functional macrophages.

Contextualizing Cisgender Women's Histories of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization With Men and Women.

Sexual minoritized women (SMW) are more likely than exclusively heterosexual women to experience intimate partner violence (IPV). We conducted in-depth interviews with a clinic-based sample of plurisexual SMW ( = 25) ages 18 to 34 about the gender of their perpetrators. Participants primarily experienced physical and sexual IPV in relationships with men and emotional abuse in relationships with women.

Secondary Institutional Betrayal: Implications for Observing Mistreatment of Sexual Assault Survivors Secondhand.

Institutional betrayal has been used to describe the experiences of sexual assault survivors who are harmed by institutions which they rely on for safety or survival. This concept has primarily been studied in the context of survivors' direct relationships with institutions they are members of (e.g.

Transplanted human intestinal organoids: a resource for modeling human intestinal development.

The in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into human intestinal organoids (HIOs) has served as a powerful means for creating complex three-dimensional intestinal structures. Owing to their diverse cell populations, transplantation into an animal host is supported with this system and allows the temporal formation of fully laminated structures, including crypt-villus architecture and smooth muscle layers that resemble native human intestine. Although the endpoint of HIO engraftment has been well described, here we aim to elucidate the developmental stages of HIO engraftment and establish whether it parallels fetal human intestinal development.

Rape Myth Acceptance in a Community Sample of Adult Women in the Post #MeToo Era.

Rape myth acceptance (RMA) is commonly targeted in anti-rape activism (e.g., the #MeToo Movement) and prevention work due to its association with perpetration, risk of victimization, survivor outcomes, and injustices in the criminal legal system.

Enteroendocrine Cells Protect the Stem Cell Niche by Regulating Crypt Metabolism in Response to Nutrients.

Background & Aims: The intestinal stem cell niche is exquisitely sensitive to changes in diet, with high-fat diet, caloric restriction, and fasting resulting in altered crypt metabolism and intestinal stem cell function. Unlike cells on the villus, cells in the crypt are not immediately exposed to the dynamically changing contents of the lumen. We hypothesized that enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which sense environmental cues and in response release hormones and metabolites, are essential for relaying the luminal and nutritional status of the animal to cells deep in the crypt.

A dietary change to a high-fat diet initiates a rapid adaptation of the intestine.

Long-term impacts of diet have been well studied; however, the immediate response of the intestinal epithelium to a change in nutrients remains poorly understood. We use physiological metrics and single-cell transcriptomics to interrogate the intestinal epithelial cell response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Within 1 day of HFD exposure, mice exhibit altered whole-body physiology and increased intestinal epithelial proliferation.

Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoids to Identify New Pathologies in Patients With PDX1 Mutations.

Background & Aims: Two patients with homozygous mutations in PDX1 presented with pancreatic agenesis, chronic diarrhea, and poor weight gain, the causes of which were not identified through routine clinical testing. We aimed to perform a deep analysis of the stomach and intestine using organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from PDX1 patients.

Methods: Gastric fundic, antral, and duodenal organoids were generated using induced pluripotent stem cell lines from a PDX1 patient and an isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell line where the PDX1 point mutation was corrected.

"They are Assuming That We are Going to Accuse Them of Rape, and We are Assuming That They are Going to Rape us": A Developmental Perspective on Emerging Adults' Consent Conversations Post #MeToo.

Prevalence of sexual assault remains high on American college campuses, and sexual consent education is lacking within school-based sexual health education programming. Much empirical research has aimed to reduce sexual violence through a deeper understanding of college students' perceptions of sexual consent. However, researchers have not yet examined the impact of broader social discourse, such as that initiated by the #MeToo movement, on emerging adults' conceptualizations of sexual consent.

Exploring Survivor Experiences on Social Media in the #MeToo Era: Clinical Recommendations for Addressing Impacts on Mental Health and Relationships.

Since the inception of the viral #MeToo Movement in 2017, news coverage of sexual assault incidents and related public discourse have become much more prevalent on social media platforms. While this hashtag activism has prompted important social discourse, little is known about how exposure to this type of trauma-related content affects survivors of sexual violence navigating these online spaces. To explore this phenomenon, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with young adult women survivors of sexual assault who regularly use social media (e.

Ontogeny and function of the circadian clock in intestinal organoids.

Circadian rhythms regulate diverse aspects of gastrointestinal physiology ranging from the composition of microbiota to motility. However, development of the intestinal circadian clock and detailed mechanisms regulating circadian physiology of the intestine remain largely unknown. In this report, we show that both pluripotent stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids engrafted into mice and patient-derived human intestinal enteroids possess circadian rhythms and demonstrate circadian phase-dependent necrotic cell death responses to Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB).

Reproductive coercion, intimate partner violence, and pregnancy risk among adolescent women with a history of foster care involvement.

Background: The current study is the first to explore the prevalence of reproductive coercion among adolescent women currently or previously involved in the U.S. foster care system.

Slutpage Use Among U.S. College Students: The Secret and Social Platforms of Image-Based Sexual Abuse.

The phenomenon of "slutpages," tied to high schools, fraternities, and the military, used to post, share, and comment on nude and semi-nude images of women, has emerged in mass media. To our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically investigate slutpage use behaviors including: visiting slutpages, posting nude images/videos online without consent, and using a vault app to store/share nude images. We conducted a survey of undergraduate college students attending a large Midwestern university in the U.

Delay Discounting Interacts with Distress Tolerance to Predict Depression and Alcohol Use Disorders among Individuals Receiving Inpatient Substance Use Services.

Personality-linked psychological factors including distress tolerance and delay discounting have been shown to underlie both Alcohol Use and Major Depressive Disorders. Although these disorders commonly co-occur, especially among individuals seeking in-patient treatment, no study has examined the association between distress tolerance, delay discounting and dual diagnoses. This project evaluated these relations in a sample of 79 low-income adults receiving in-patient substance use treatment.

Enteroendocrine cells couple nutrient sensing to nutrient absorption by regulating ion transport.

The ability to absorb ingested nutrients is an essential function of all metazoans and utilizes a wide array of nutrient transporters found on the absorptive enterocytes of the small intestine. A unique population of patients has previously been identified with severe congenital malabsorptive diarrhea upon ingestion of any enteral nutrition. The intestines of these patients are macroscopically normal, but lack enteroendocrine cells (EECs), suggesting an essential role for this rare population of nutrient-sensing cells in regulating macronutrient absorption.

Prevention of sexual violence among college students: Current challenges and future directions.

Preventing sexual violence among college students is a public health priority. This paper was catalyzed by a summit convened in 2018 to review the state of the science on campus sexual violence prevention. We summarize key risk and vulnerability factors and campus-based interventions, and provide directions for future research pertaining to campus sexual violence.

Cluster Randomized Trial of a College Health Center Sexual Violence Intervention.

Introduction: Sexual violence, particularly in the context of drinking, is prevalent on college campuses. This study tested a brief intervention to prevent sexual violence among students receiving care from college health centers.

Study Design: This study was a two-arm, unblinded cluster RCT.