What Deters Crime? Comparing the Effectiveness of Legal, Social, and Internal Sanctions Across Countries.

The question of what deters crime is of both theoretical and practical interest. The present paper focuses on what factors deter minor, non-violent crimes, i.e.

Everybody else is doing it: exploring social transmission of lying behavior.

Lying is a common occurrence in social interactions, but what predicts whether an individual will tell a lie? While previous studies have focused on personality factors, here we asked whether lying tendencies might be transmitted through social networks. Using an international sample of 1,687 socially connected pairs, we investigated whether lying tendencies were related in socially connected individuals, and tested two moderators of observed relationships. Participants recruited through a massive open online course reported how likely they would be to engage in specific lies; a friend or relative responded to the same scenarios independently.

A Bird's Eye View of Unethical Behavior: Commentary on Trautmann et al. (2013).

Results from Trautmann and colleagues' large, representative survey of Dutch people suggest a more nuanced relationship between class and ethics than previous research has demonstrated (Trautmann, Van de Kuilen, & Zeckhauser, 2013, this issue). Following their analysis, we suggest that it is unlikely that either upper- or lower-class people are unequivocally more moral. Rather, several psychological and external forces are at play in ethical decision making, which likely vary in strength depending on the conceptualization of class and the sociocultural context.

Time-space synaesthesia--a cognitive advantage?

Is synaesthesia cognitively useful? Individuals with time-space synaesthesia experience time units (such as months of the year) as idiosyncratic spatial forms, and report that these forms aid them in mentally organising their time. In the present study, we hypothesised that time-space synaesthesia would facilitate performance on a time-related cognitive task. Synaesthetes were not specifically recruited for participation; instead, likelihood of time-space synaesthesia was assessed on a continuous scale based on participants' responses during a semi-structured interview.

The Jahn-Teller effect in the lower electronic states of benzene cation. III. The ground-state vibrations of C6H6+ and C6D6+.

New mass analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectra of the molecules C(6)H(6) (+) and C(6)D(6) (+) have been collected using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single photon excitation from the neutral ground state and also using two-photon excitation through the 6(1) vibration of the (1)B(2u) S(1) state. Emphasis was placed on obtaining accurate relative intensities of the vibrational lines in order to use this information in the vibronic analysis. The MATI spectra collected from VUV (S(0) originating state), triplet (T(1)), and resonant two photon (S(1)) excitation schemes were compared with Jahn-Teller calculations employing the classical model of Longuet-Higgins and Moffitt to obtain the Jahn-Teller coupling parameters of 3 of the 4 linearly active modes (e(2g) modes 6-9 in Wilson's notation).