Fluid balance of female para hockey players during simulated competition.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the hydration habits and fluid balance of female para-ice hockey players.

Methods: Fifteen players [5 defense (D), 8 forwards (F), and 2 goalies (G)] volunteered to participate in the study (age: 26.3 ± 10.

Menthol Mouth Rinsing Improves Cycling Performance in Trained Adolescent Males Under Heat Stress.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of menthol (MEN) mouth rinsing (MR) on cycling performance during a modified variable cycle test (M-VCT) in adolescent athletes under hot conditions (31.4 ± 0.9 °C, 23.

The Effect of Menthol Mouth Rinsing and Fluid Temperature on Male Cycling Performance in Thermoneutral Conditions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a menthol (MEN) mouth rinse (MR) on cycling time trial (TT) performance in thermoneutral conditions and to explore the impact of fluid temperature (cold water [CW] or thermoneutral water [TNW]) on MEN's effect on performance.

Methods: Twelve trained male cyclists (O, 61.4 ± 12.

How Cool is That? The Effects of Menthol Mouth Rinsing on Exercise Capacity and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Menthol (MEN) mouth rinsing (MR) has gained considerable interest in the athletic population for exercise performance; however, the overall magnitude of effect is unknown.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of menthol MEN MR and the impact it has on exercise capacity and performance.

Methods: Three databases were searched with articles screened according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Reliability of anaerobic and aerobic mobility performance tests used in wheelchair rugby, wheelchair basketball and wheelchair tennis: A systematic review.

Background: Understanding the reliability and validity of field-based mobility and performance tests used within the wheelchair sports of basketball (WCB), rugby (WCR) and tennis (WCT) can assist in understanding an athletes' physiological state, training effects, and/or assist with optimising their wheelchair-user interface.

Purpose: To examine, evaluate and synthesize current aerobic and anaerobic field-based mobility and performance tests used in WCB, WCR and WCT.

Methods: A systematic search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines.

Metabolic and Performance Responses to a Simulated Routine in Elite Artistic Swimmers.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the interrelationship between time spent underwater (UW), movement frequency and accompanying blood acid base balance response. Elite artistic swimmers (n = 6) participated in the investigation and were all familiar with the testing procedures. All athletes completed the same choreographed artistic swimming routine.

Correction: McKinlay et al. Effects of Post-Exercise Whey Protein Consumption on Recovery Indices in Adolescent Swimmers. 2020, , 7761.

The authors of "Effects of Post-Exercise Whey Protein Consumption on Recovery Indices in Adolescent Swimmers" report an error in Table 1 of their article [...

Characterizing the Thermal Demands and Mobility Performance During International Wheelchair Rugby Competition.

Objective: To determine the thermoregulatory responses and mobility performance of wheelchair rugby (WCR) players during international competition.

Methods: Eleven male National Team WCR players volunteered for the study. Testing occurred during a four game series against international competition (temp 24.

Physiological Considerations to Support Podium Performance in Para-Athletes.

The twenty-first century has seen an increase in para-sport participation and the number of research publications on para-sport and the para-athlete. Unfortunately, the majority of publications are case reports/case series or study single impairment types in isolation. Indeed, an overview of how each International Paralympic Committee classifiable impairment type impact athlete physiology, health, and performance has not been forthcoming in the literature.

Acute Physiological Response to Different Sprint Training Protocols in Normobaric Hypoxia.

Background: the purpose of this study was to examine acute physiological responses to and the performance effects of two sprint training protocols in normobaric hypoxic conditions.

Methods: Healthy competitive female ( = 2) and male ( = 5) kayakers (19 ± 2.1 years) performed four sprint training sessions on a kayak ergometer over a period of two weeks.

Menthol Mouth Rinsing Is More Than Just a Mouth Wash-Swilling of Menthol to Improve Physiological Performance.

Interventions that solely act on the central nervous system (CNS) are gaining considerable interest, particularly products consumed through the oral cavity. The oropharyngeal cavity contains a wide array of receptors that respond to sweet, bitter, and cold tastants, all of which have been shown to improve physiological performance. Of late, the ergogenic benefits of carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) mouth rinsings (MRs) have been widely studied; however, less is known about menthol (MEN).

Applicability of Maximal Ergometer Testing and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Endurance and Sprint Trained Swimmers.

Sprint swimming is a short duration, high intensity sport requiring a relatively greater contribution of energy from anaerobic metabolism. Understanding energy system utilization for the classification of a competitive swimmer (sprint or distance) may be useful for both training prescription and event specialization. The relationship between anaerobic swim ergometer testing and adolescent sprint swimming performance has not been investigated.

Menthol Mouth Rinsing and Cycling Performance in Females Under Heat Stress.

Purpose: The effects of menthol (MEN) mouth rinse (MR) on performance, physiological, and perceptual variables in female cyclists during a 30-km independent time trial (ITT) were tested.

Methods: The participants (n = 9) cycled for 30 km in hot conditions (30°C [0.6°C], 70% [1%] relative humidity, 12 [1] km/h wind speed) on 2 test occasions: with a placebo MR and with MEN MR.

The Effects of Anaerobic Swim Ergometer Training on Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare 4 weeks of pool-based sprint interval training with a similar ergometer training intervention on a maximal anaerobic lactate test (MANLT), 50-m (competition) freestyle performance, and 6- and 30-second maximal swimming ergometer performances.

Methods: A total of 14 competitive adolescent swimmers (male, n = 8; female, n = 6) participated in this study. Swimmers were categorized into 2 sex-matched groups: swimming ergometer (ERG; n = 7) and pool-sprint training (n = 7) groups.

Effects of Post-Exercise Whey Protein Consumption on Recovery Indices in Adolescent Swimmers.

: This study examined the effect of whey protein consumption following high-intensity interval swimming (HIIS) on muscle damage, inflammatory cytokines and performance in adolescent swimmers. : Fifty-four swimmers (11-17 years-old) were stratified by age, sex and body mass to a whey protein (PRO), isoenergetic carbohydrate (CHO) or a water/placebo (HO) group. Following baseline blood samples (06:00 h) and a standardised breakfast, participants performed a maximal 200 m swim, followed by HIIS.

Relationship between VO , under Water Swim Testing and Artistic Swim Solo Performance.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between: 1) laboratory-determined cycling peak oxygen consumption (VO ) and AS performance in a new underwater swim test (UWST), and 2) cycling VO and ventilatory threshold (VT) in cycling and performance score during a simulated AS solo routine. Trained artistic swimmers (n=15, 15.8±0.

Characterizing thermoregulatory demands of female wheelchair basketball players during competition.

This study aimed to assess the thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses of WC basketball players during international competitions. Eleven female (7 spinal cord injured (SCI) and 4 Non-SCI) National team WC basketball players volunteered for the study. Testing occurred during a four-game series against the same international competitor (temp 22.

A Physiological Overview of the Demands, Characteristics, and Adaptations of Highly Trained Artistic Swimmers: a Literature Review.

Artistic swimming (AS) is a very unique sport consisting of difficult artistically choreographed routines ranging in the number of athletes (one to ten: solo, duet, team, combination, highlight routine) and with elements performed quickly and precisely above, below, and on the surface of the water. As a result, the physical and physiological demands placed on an athlete are unique to the sport with the most pronounced adaptation being the bradycardic response to long apneic periods spent underwater while performing strenuous movements. This indeed influences training prescription and the desired training outcomes.

Fluid balance and thermoregulatory responses of competitive triathletes.

Unlabelled: As little as 2% total body mass (BM) loss from sweat has been shown to compromise physiological functioning during prolonged exercise in the heat, subsequently compromising endurance performance.

Purpose: This observational study aims to describe the fluid balance and thermoregulatory responses of competitive triathletes racing at a major international competition in a cool environment.

Methods: Fluid balance and thermoregulatory responses was measured in six (3 male, 3 female) national-level triathletes competing at the ITU World Triathlon Grand Finale in ambient temperatures of 19-20 °C (relative humidity (RH) ~55%).

The effect of dehydration on muscle metabolism and time trial performance during prolonged cycling in males.

This study combined overnight fluid restriction with lack of fluid intake during prolonged cycling to determine the effects of dehydration on substrate oxidation, skeletal muscle metabolism, heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) response, and time trial (TT) performance. Nine males cycled at ~65% VO2peak for 90 min followed by a TT (6 kJ/kg BM) either with fluid (HYD) or without fluid (DEH). Blood samples were taken every 20 min and muscle biopsies were taken at 0, 45, and 90 min of exercise and after the TT.

Increase in skeletal-muscle glycogenolysis and perceived exertion with progressive dehydration during cycling in hydrated men.

This study investigated the effects of progressive mild dehydration during cycling on whole-body substrate oxidation and skeletal-muscle metabolism in recreationally active men. Subjects (N = 9) cycled for 120 min at ~65% peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak 22.7 °C, 32% relative humidity) with water to replace sweat losses (HYD) or without fluid (DEH).

The acute effects of fluid intake on urine specific gravity and fluid retention in a mildly dehydrated state.

Many athletes arrive at training sessions and competitions in a mildly hypohydrated (HYPO) state and are instructed to drink fluids before exercise to reach a euhydrated (HYD) state. Ten recreational athletes (6 women, 4 men; 71.9 ± 4.

Effects of dehydration during cycling on skeletal muscle metabolism in females.

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of progressive dehydration on the time course of changes to whole body substrate oxidation and skeletal muscle metabolism during 120 min of cycling in hydrated females.

Methods: Subjects (n = 9) cycled for 120 min at approximately 65% VO(2peak) on two occasions: with no fluid (DEH) and with fluid (HYD) replacement to match sweat losses. Venous blood samples were taken at rest and every 20 min and muscle biopsies taken at 0, 60, and 120 min of exercise.

Estimated fluid and sodium balance and drink preferences in elite male junior players during an ice hockey game.

Research in many sports suggests that losing ~2% of body mass (BM) through sweating impairs athletic performance, although this has not been tested in ice hockey players. This study investigated pregame hydration, and on-ice sweat loss, fluid intake, and sodium (Na+) balance of elite male junior players during an ice hockey game. Twenty-four players (2 goalies, 7 defensemen, 15 forwards) volunteered to participate in the study (age, 18.