Regional and racial differences in smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Introduction: Stroke mortality rates differ by race and region, and smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are associated with stroke. We evaluated regional and racial differences in current smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Methods: African American and white adults (n = 26,373) aged 45 years or older were recruited during 2003 through 2007.

Comparative device assessments: Humalog KwikPen compared with vial and syringe and FlexPen.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare pen device-naïve patients' preferences for Humalog KwikPen (insulin lispro injection) (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) to use of a vial and syringe and FlexPen(R) (insulin aspart injection) (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark).

Methods: This open-label, randomized, crossover 1-day study tested the hypotheses that KwikPen was preferred to vial and syringe, and if this was found to be a significant preference, that KwikPen was preferred to FlexPen. Accuracy of doses prepared, ease of use via insulin device assessment battery, and preference via insulin device preference battery were administered following each pen evaluation, and a final preference question administered following the evaluation of both pens.