Psychometric properties of the Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales in individuals with social anxiety disorder.

Background: Although numerous self-report measures of social anxiety exist, most instruments assess symptom severity by examining the range of social situations that provoke anxiety, rather than the distress and impairment associated with social anxiety. The (RSAS; Lenton-Brym, A. P.

Development and validation of the Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales (RSAS).

Extant self-report measures of social anxiety primarily assess the breadth of social situations in which respondents feel anxious, rather than assessing severity in terms of the and that individuals experience due to their social anxiety symptoms. This paper describes the development and validation of the (RSAS; Rogojanski et al., 2019; see Appendix), a new measure for assessing both the breadth of situations that trigger social anxiety and the severity (i.

The relation between adverse childhood experiences and moral injury in the Canadian Armed Forces.

: There is increasing evidence that moral injuries (MIs) may affect the mental health of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members and veterans. Despite knowledge suggesting that MIs are related to multiple negative mental health outcomes, including the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is unknown whether pre-traumatic variables, including the presence of childhood abuse, are related to MIs. : This study seeks to investigate the potential relationship between adverse childhood experiences and later onset MI in military members.

Dissociative symptoms mediate the relation between PTSD symptoms and functional impairment in a sample of military members, veterans, and first responders with PTSD.

: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant functional impairment in important areas, including interpersonal relationships and occupational or educational roles. Preliminary evidence suggests that the dissociative subtype of PTSD (PTSD+DS), characterized by marked symptoms of depersonalization and derealization, is associated with increased functional impairment and disease severity, including among military members and veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Similarly, first responders (e.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia.

Psychological and behavioral therapies should be considered the first line treatment for chronic insomnia. Although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is considered the standard of care [1], several monotherapies, including sleep restriction therapy, stimulus control therapy, and relaxation training are also recommended in the treatment of chronic insomnia [2]. CBT-I is a multimodal intervention comprised of a combination of behavioral (eg, sleep restriction, stimulus control) and cognitive therapy strategies, and psychoeducation delivered in 4 to 10 weekly or biweekly sessions [3].

Rethinking safety behaviors in insomnia: examining the perceived utility of sleep-related safety behaviors.

Harvey's cognitive model of insomnia (2002a) proposes that sleep-related safety behaviors play a central role in the maintenance of insomnia because such maladaptive coping strategies are thought to reinforce threat-based appraisals of the likelihood and consequences of poor sleep. Research to date has assessed the frequency of safety behavior use in those with insomnia only; however, in addition to the frequency of occurrence, the function of safety behaviors (i.e.

Effects of safety behaviors on fear reduction during exposure.

The use of safety behaviors has been considered one of the primary maintaining mechanisms of anxiety disorders; however, evidence suggests that they are not always detrimental to treatment success (Milosevic & Radomsky, 2008). This study examined the effects of safety behaviors on behavioral, cognitive, and subjective indicators of fear during exposure for fear of spiders. A two-stage design was used to examine fear reduction and approach distance during an in vivo exposure task for participants (N=43) assigned to either a safety behavior use (SBU) or no safety behavior use (NSB) condition.