Neighborhood assets, parenting, and child disruptive behavior in low-income Black families.

Neighborhood assets, such as access to recreational facilities, density of residence, and safety, were examined in relation to parenting and disruptive behavior in early childhood. Examining data from a low-income Black preschool sample, this study investigated how self-reported neighborhood assets and observed parenting behaviors interactively predict observed disruptive behavior in children. Findings revealed a significant relationship between parenting and child behavior, where parenting with high sensitivity and engagement and parenting with less verbal and physical interference and intrusiveness predicted fewer child disruptive behaviors.

Parenting Mediates Associations Between Intimate Partner Violence at Different Life Stages and Toddler Social-Emotional Problems.

Background: Researchers have linked parent experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) to engagement in more negative and less positive parenting behaviors with their own children. This parenting behavior is associated with more negative child social-emotional outcomes. There is little research examining the impact of exposure to IPV during childhood on subsequent parenting and child outcomes in the next generation.

Systematic Review of Father Involvement and Child Outcomes in Pediatric Chronic Illness Populations.

The overall objective of this paper was to systematically review and synthesize the emerging literature investigating the role of father involvement in pediatric outcomes among chronic illness populations. This review sought to answer the following questions: (1) what measures are used to assess father involvement in pediatric chronic illness populations, and who is the respondent, and (2) how is father involvement associated with child psychosocial and health related outcomes in pediatric chronic illness populations? Databases were searched using a key word search strategy. Articles were screened according to exclusion criteria, resulting in 15 identified articles that included a pediatric illness population, and assessed both father involvement and a child outcome variable.

Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms across the birth of a child: associations with toddler emotional development.

Depression during the perinatal period is common and impacts the physical and psychological well-being of those who experience it. One area of particular significance is the course of maternal depression across time, including the differential effects of depression trajectories during the perinatal period on early child development. The current study explored trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from pregnancy through 2 years postpartum and their relation to toddler emotional development.

African American preschool children's physical activity levels in Head Start.

The purpose of this study was to describe the physical activity levels of urban inner city preschoolers while attending Head Start, the federally funded preschool program for children from low-income families. Participants were 158 African American children. Their physical activity during Head Start days was measured using programmed RT-3 accelerometers.

Dietary vitamin D intake among high-risk adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to describe the dietary intake of vitamin D in an urban, low income, predominantly African American sample of adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes.

Methods: Participants were 99 adolescents diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes. Vitamin D intake was estimated from dietary recall data.

The effects of multisystemic therapy on family support for weight loss among obese African-American adolescents: findings from a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine whether multisystemic therapy, an intensive, home- and community-based intervention, could increase family support for healthy eating and exercise in obese African-American adolescents. Relationships between changes in family support, weight status, and body fat composition at the end of the trial were also evaluated.

Method: A pilot randomized clinical trial was conducted with 49 obese adolescents (body mass index > or = 95th %ile).

Predictors of condom use in a multisite study of high-risk youth living with HIV.

Young people between the ages of 13 to 24 are at persistent risk for HIV infection in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2006). Young adulthood is a period characterized by experimentation, including engagement in risky behaviors (e.g.

Using motivational interviewing in HIV field outreach with young African American men who have sex with men: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: We sought to determine whether field outreach with motivational interviewing, as compared with traditional field outreach, leads to increases in HIV counseling and testing and rates of return for test results among young African American men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: In a randomized, 2-group, repeated-measures design, 96 young African American MSM completed a motivational interviewing-based field outreach session and 92 young African American MSM completed a traditional field outreach session. The percentages of participants agreeing to traditional HIV counseling and testing (an oral swab of the cheek) and returning for test results were the primary outcome measures.

Brief report: Predictors of optimal HIV appointment adherence in minority youth: a prospective study.

Objective: This study investigated motivation to attend appointments, self-efficacy, self-esteem, substance use, and emotional distress as predictors of optimal HIV appointment adherence in minority youth living with HIV.

Methods: Utilizing a prospective design, questionnaires were collected from 82 minority youth (mean age = 20.3) at baseline and appointment adherence was assessed over the subsequent 12-month period.

Multiple risk behaviors among youth living with human immunodeficiency virus in five U.S. cities.

Purpose: To describe multiple risk behaviors (substance use, sexual risk, and medication adherence) in a multi-site sample of youth living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in five U.S. cites.

Brief report: Parent's health literacy among high-risk adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes.

Objective: To describe the health literacy of parents of high-risk adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes and to examine the relation of parent's health literacy with treatment adherence.

Methods: Participants were 93 adolescents in poor metabolic control diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes and their primary caregivers.

Results: All parents had adequate health literacy as defined by the S-TOFHLA.

Maternal resolution of child diagnosis: stability and relations with child attachment across the toddler to preschooler transition.

In this longitudinal study, the authors investigated individual differences in how families adapt to a child's congenital disorder. Family impact, maternal grief resolution, and child attachment were assessed among 74 mothers and their toddlers with a neurological disorder or disfigurement. Fifty dyads were reevaluated 16 months later.

Physical activity, social support, and family structure as determinants of mood among European-American and African-American women.

The literature indicates that mood is an important predictor of physical and psychological well-being. Mood influences a person's health perceptions, treatment compliance, and recovery. Given the importance of mood as an outcome, it is important to identify predictors of mood.