Achieving equity in cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): Strengthening health systems using a systems thinking approach.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is leading a call to action to eliminate cervical cancer by the end of the century through global implementation of two effective evidence-based preventive interventions: HPV vaccination and cervical screening and management (CSM). Models estimate that without intervention, over the next 50 years 12.2 million new cases of cervical cancer will occur, nearly 60% of which are preventable only through CSM.

Rates of regression of cervical dysplasia between initial biopsy and excisional procedure in routine clinical practice.

Purpose: To determine rates and factors associated with regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 + between colposcopic biopsy and therapeutic excisional procedure in standard practice.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for women undergoing a cervical excisional procedure for CIN 2 + at clinics at three academic institutions over a 3-year period. Cytology, histology, patient age and time-to-excision were analyzed to determine factors influencing rates of regression.

Simulation Activity in Otolaryngology Residencies.

Objectives: Simulation has become a valuable tool in medical education, and several specialties accept or require simulation as a resource for resident training or assessment as well as for board certification or maintenance of certification. This study investigates current simulation resources and activities in US otolaryngology residency programs and examines interest in advancing simulation training and assessment within the specialty.

Study Design: Web-based survey.

Case definition and classification of leukodystrophies and leukoencephalopathies.

Objective: An approved definition of the term leukodystrophy does not currently exist. The lack of a precise case definition hampers efforts to study the epidemiology and the relevance of genetic white matter disorders to public health.

Method: Thirteen experts at multiple institutions participated in iterative consensus building surveys to achieve definition and classification of disorders as leukodystrophies using a modified Delphi approach.

Resident Research Experience and Career Path Association: A National Survey of Recent Otolaryngology Graduates.

Objective: To determine whether the research rotation experience affects the career path of otolaryngology residents.

Study Design/setting: Two web-based surveys were disseminated by the AAO-HNS; one to current and former resident trainees and the other to current residency program directors.

Subjects And Methods: A web-based survey was disseminated to all AAO-HNS members classified as otolaryngology residents or residency graduates within the last 6 years, regarding their research rotation and its potential influence on their career path.

Clinical practice guideline: Tympanostomy tubes in children.

Objective: Insertion of tympanostomy tubes is the most common ambulatory surgery performed on children in the United States. Tympanostomy tubes are most often inserted because of persistent middle ear fluid, frequent ear infections, or ear infections that persist after antibiotic therapy. Despite the frequency of tympanostomy tube insertion, there are currently no clinical practice guidelines in the United States that address specific indications for surgery.

Clinical practice guideline: tympanostomy tubes in children--executive summary.

The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) has published a supplement to this issue featuring the new Clinical Practice Guideline: Tympanostomy Tubes in Children. To assist in implementing the guideline recommendations, this article summarizes the rationale, purpose, and key action statements. The 12 recommendations developed address patient selection, surgical indications for and management of tympanostomy tubes in children.

Relative incidence of inherited white matter disorders in childhood to acquired pediatric demyelinating disorders.

Epidemiologic frequencies of pediatric white matter disorders as a class have not been well defined. This is particularly true of genetic disorders of the white matter of the brain. In this study, ICD-9 codes were used to estimate relative incidence rates and descriptive statistics of leukodystrophies, other genetic leukoencephalopathies and acquired demyelinating disease among children residing in the Washington, D.

Clinical consensus statement: tracheostomy care.

Objective: This clinical consensus statement (CCS) aims to improve care for pediatric and adult patients with a tracheostomy tube. Approaches to tracheostomy care are currently inconsistent among clinicians and between different institutions. The goal is to reduce variations in practice when managing patients with a tracheostomy to minimize complications.

Hypopharyngeal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea: practice patterns, perceptions, and attitudes.

Objective: To characterize factors that surgeons perceive as affecting selection of procedures designed to treat hypopharyngeal obstruction in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to compare those factors among 2 groups of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) member surgeons.

Study Design: Cross-sectional online survey.

Subjects And Methods: AAO-HNS members with a self-identified subspecialty interest either in sleep medicine or general otolaryngology were asked to complete an online survey, each respondent rated (5-point Likert scale) the perceived quality of their education and training and the role of specific factors in selection, both for procedure categories (eg, all hypopharyngeal) and individual procedures.

Factors that contribute to post-treatment follow-up care for survivors of childhood cancer.

Introduction: As children complete cancer treatment and enter survivorship, follow-up care is critical to monitor for and treat relapses, secondary malignancies, and late effects of treatment. Relative contributions of cancer and treatment variables and sociodemographic factors in engagement with follow-up care are not fully understood. This study aimed to identify risk factors for inadequate follow-up care.

Interventions to reduce sexual minority stigma in sororities.

This study examined the effects that two different types of interventions have on reducing sexual minority stigma in sororities. Affect, behaviors, and cognitions toward gay men and lesbians were measured using the Affective Reactions to Homosexuality Scale, Homophobic Behavior of Students Scale, and Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gays Scale. A total of 82 participants from two sororities participated in two different types of interventions, that is, panel discussion and video and discussion.