Trigemino-abducens synkinesis: serial review over 4 years.

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders involve abberant connections between cranial nerves, often resulting in synkinetic activation of target muscles. Marcus-Gunn jaw winking ptosis and Duane retraction syndrome are some of the more well-known examples of this phenomenon. We present serial video of a child with congenital trigemino-abducens synkinesis, a lesser known congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder, to demonstrate the characteristics of this likely under-diagnosed presentation.

A Comparison of Chemodnervation to Incisional Surgery for Acute, Acquired, Comitant Esotropia: An International Study.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin injections to strabismus surgery in children with acute, acquired, comitant esotropia (ACE), and to investigate factors predicting success.

Design: International, multi-center nonrandomized comparative study METHODS: Setting: Cloud-based survey.

Study Population: Children aged 2 to 17 years who underwent a single surgical intervention for ACE.

Real-World Application of Home Visual Acuity Testing for Pediatric Teleophthalmology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: To review the ability of home visual acuity testing during teleophthalmology consultations to accurately assess visual acuity in pediatric patients in a real-world setting.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of pediatric patients who were examined via teleophthalmology consultation due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related community restrictions between May and June 2020 at a single private ophthalmology practice. Home visual acuity findings were compared with the subsequent in-person assessment to determine agreement between measures.

Reporting on Australian childhood visual impairment: the first 10 years.

Background: Visual impairment is rare but has significant impact on the neurobehavioural development and quality of life of children. This paper presents the key findings from the Australian Childhood Vision Impairment Register, which commenced in 2008 to report on children diagnosed with permanent visual impairment.

Subjects/methods: Families consent to completing a data form related to their child and for contact with the child's ophthalmologist.

The presence and progression of choroidal neurofibromas in a predominantly pediatric population with neurofibromatosis type-1.

: Obtaining a definitive neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) diagnosis may take years. The natural history of choroidal neurofibromas in NF1 is unknown. This study evaluates a predominantly pediatric patient cohort for ocular features in NF1, including presence and progression of choroidal abnormalities, to determine their natural history, relationship to other NF1 features, and additive value in NF1 diagnosis.

Use of Ruthenium-106 Brachytherapy for Iris Melanoma: The Scottish Experience.

Purpose: To analyse long-term outcomes of ruthenium-106 (Ru) plaque brachytherapy for the treatment of iris melanoma.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 19 consecutive patients with pure iris melanoma treated with Ru plaque brachytherapy between 1998 and 2016 at the Scottish Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Glasgow. The iris melanoma was treated with a ruthenium plaque placed on the corneal surface to deliver a surface dose of 555 Gy.

Off-axis digital flash photography: a common cause of artefact leukocoria in children.

Leukocoria, a presenting sign in several significant pediatric ocular conditions, can be artefactually produced by off-axis flash photography in healthy eyes. The authors demonstrate the conditions needed to produce this phenomenon, which is more commonly seen in children due to their larger-sized pupils, photogenicity, and frequent off-axis shots.