Grayscale Ultrasound Texture Features of Carotid and Brachial Arteries in People With HIV Infection Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background We aimed to investigate novel grayscale ultrasound characteristics of the carotid and brachial arteries in people with HIV infection before and after starting initial antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods and Results We performed grayscale ultrasound image analyses of the common carotid artery (CCA) and brachial artery before and after receipt of 1 of 3 randomly allocated ART regimens. We measured arterial wall echogenicity (grayscale median), contrast (gray-level difference statistic method), and entropy.

HIV-Infected Ugandan Women on Antiretroviral Therapy Maintain HIV-1 RNA Suppression Across Periconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Periods.

Background: HIV-infected women risk sexual and perinatal HIV transmission during conception, pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. We compared HIV-1 RNA suppression and medication adherence across periconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods, among women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda.

Methods: We analyzed data from women in a prospective cohort study, aged 18-49 years, enrolled at ART initiation and with ≥1 pregnancy between 2005 and 2011.