The impact of limited English proficiency on oncological outcomes in the United States: A systematic review.

Background: The increasing number of immigrants in the United States (U.S.) has resulted in more patients with limited English proficiency (LEP).

Causes of Childhood Cancer: A Review of the Recent Literature: Part I-Childhood Factors.

Purpose: To review the childhood risk factors for pediatric cancer (diagnosis before age 20).

Methods: We conducted literature searches using Ovid Medline and Scopus to find primary research studies, review articles, and meta-analyses published from 2014 to 3 March 2021.

Results: Strong evidence indicates that an array of genetic and epigenetic phenomena, structural birth defects, and chromosomal anomalies are associated with an increased risk of various childhood cancers.

Safety of Single High-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B for Induction Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis and Histoplasmosis in People With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Evidence for efficacy of single, high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis and histoplasmosis is growing. No systematic review has examined the safety of this regimen across multiple studies.

Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to April 2023 for studies reporting grade 3 and 4 adverse events (AEs) with single high-dose LAmB vs traditional amphotericin regimens for HIV-associated fungal infections.

Urethral outcomes in metoidioplasty and phalloplasty gender affirming surgery (MaPGAS) and vaginectomy: a systematic review.

Background: There is currently a paucity of data on urethral-related outcomes in metoidioplasty and phalloplasty gender affirming surgery (MaPGAS) with urethral lengthening (UL)and vaginectomy.

Methods: A systematic review was performed utilizing MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Europe PMC, OSF Preprints, and EMBASE. Methodologic quality was scored using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria.

The submissive silence of others: Examining definitions of shared decision making.

Objective: Our aim was to use critical discourse analysis (CDA) to examine the most widely cited definitions of shared decision making so that we can evaluate how language is used to position participants. Based on our conceptual understanding, we presumed that shared decision making involves acts of communication where processes are collaborative.

Methods: We used a CDA lens to closely examine the phrases, semantics, syntax, implied functions, and the social actions proposed in SDM definition texts.

A systematic review of decision aids for gender affirming therapy.

Background: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) persons considering gender affirming therapy have to make many complex medical decisions, potentially without understanding the associated harms or benefits of hormonal and surgical interventions. Further, clinicians are often unaware of how best to communicate information to persons seeking gender affirming therapy. Patient decision aids have been developed to provide evidence-based information as a way to help people make decisions in collaboration with their clinicians.

A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss.

Objective: Dietary supplements and alternative therapies are commercialized as a panacea for obesity/weight gain as a result of the minimal regulatory requirements in demonstrating efficacy. These products may indirectly undermine the value of guideline-driven obesity treatments. Included in this study is a systematic review of the literature of purported dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss.

Community health worker interventions for older adults with complex health needs: A systematic review.

Background/objectives: The number of older adults with complex health needs is growing, and this population experiences disproportionate morbidity and mortality. Interventions led by community health workers (CHWs) can improve clinical outcomes in the general adult population with multimorbidity, but few studies have investigated CHW-delivered interventions in older adults.

Design: We systematically reviewed the impact of CHW interventions on health outcomes among older adults with complex health needs.

Does the use of patient decision aids lead to cost savings? a systematic review.

Objectives: To update a previous systematic review to determine if patient decision aid (PDA) interventions generate savings in healthcare settings, and if so, from which perspective (ie, patient, organisation providing care, society).

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Campbell Collaboration Library, EconLit, Business Source Complete, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination: NHS Economic Evaluations Database (NHS EED), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) from 15 March 2013 to 25 January 2019.

Neonatal early onset sepsis in Middle Eastern countries: a systematic review.

Background: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) accounts for a significant portion of neonatal mortality, which accounts for 46% of global under five child mortality.

Objective: This systematic review studies the bacterial aetiology of EOS in the Middle East, susceptibility patterns to recommended empirical antibiotic therapy and whether this differs between high-income and middle-income countries in the region.

Methods: Articles were collected from Medline, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Effectiveness of Ambulatory Telemedicine Care in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Background: Disparities in healthcare access and delivery, caused by transportation and health workforce difficulties, negatively impact individuals living in rural areas. These challenges are especially prominent in older adults.

Design: We systematically evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness in providing telemedicine (TMed), searching the English-language literature for studies (January 2012 to July 2018) in the following databases: Medline (PubMed); Cochrane Library (Wiley); Web of Science; CINAHL; EMBASE (Ovid); and PsycINFO (EBSCO).

Characteristics of Interim Publications of Randomized Clinical Trials and Comparison With Final Publications.

This study describes the number of interim reports of ongoing randomized trials published between 2006 and 2015, the reasons for interim reporting, and differences in the abstract conclusions between interim and final publications.

Weight Loss Interventions in Older Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Since 2005.

Objectives: To identify geriatric obesity interventions that can guide clinical recommendations.

Design: Systematic review using Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Proquest) from January 1, 2005, to October 12, 2015, to identify English-language randomized controlled trials.

Participants: Individuals aged 60 and older (mean age ≥65) and classified as having obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m ).

Treating tobacco use disorder in pregnant women in medication-assisted treatment for an opioid use disorder: a systematic review.

Smoking is associated with adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal development, yet 88-95% of pregnant women in medication-assisted treatment for an opioid use disorder smoke cigarettes. This review summarizes existing knowledge about smoking cessation treatments for pregnant women on buprenorphine or methadone, the two forms of medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder indicated for prenatal use. We performed a systematic review of the literature using indexed terms and key words to capture the concepts of smoking, pregnancy, and opioid substitution and found that only three studies met search criteria.

Risks of serious infection or lymphoma with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.

Background & Aims: Many physicians hesitate to recommend anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy for pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) because of concerns about risk of infection and cancer. We performed a systematic review to quantify the incidence of serious infection, lymphoma, and death among pediatric patients with IBD who received anti-TNF therapy. These values were compared with those expected from other treatments, from adults with IBD, and from the general pediatric population.