Background Sexual health service engagement is important for the healthy sexual development of young people. Further, as later adolescence and early adulthood are critical periods for relationship development, sexual health needs may vary across this period and be associated with relationship status. Methods A total of 468 participants, aged 16-25years (mean age: 19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Infants with small bowel stomas (SBstoma) frequently struggle with absorption and rely on parenteral nutrition (PN). Intestinal absorption is difficult to predict based solely on intestinal anatomy. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiota and metabolic by-products within stoma effluent and correlate with clinical features and intestinal absorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Res Intellect Disabil
September 2024
Background: Building 'key skills' may help prevent the development of challenging behaviour in children with an intellectual disability. The aim of this paper was to extend the current limited evidence in this area.
Method: We undertook two studies with children with an intellectual disability in school settings: (1) a cross-sectional replication study exploring the relationship between 'key skills' and challenging behaviour.
J Can Assoc Gastroenterol
February 2024
With the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) continuing to rise in Canada and globally, developing improved therapeutics that successfully treat greater percentages of patients with reduced complications is paramount. A better understanding of pertinent immune pathways in IBD will improve our ability to both successfully dampen inflammation and promote gut healing, beyond just inhibiting specific immune proteins; success of combination therapies supports this approach. Interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines that protect mucosal barrier surfaces, and their roles in regulating gut homeostasis and inflammation differ between the three IFN families (type I, II, and III).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious research suggests that different sexual motivations may be associated with different sexual behaviours and levels of sexual satisfaction, and these may vary with cultural differences. As such, sexual motivations and cultural factors might also be associated with quality of life (QoL); however, this has not yet been explored. Using a biopsychosocial approach, this study aimed to explore associations between sexual motivation and quality of life between participants in the United Kingdom and China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe severe and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by persistent inflammation and gut damage. There is an increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in IBD development and progression. However, studies of the complete microbiota composition (bacteria, fungi, viruses) from precise locations within the gut remain limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Distressing sexual problems are a common complaint of menopausal women. In 2013, a Cochrane review assessed the effect of hormone therapy on sexual function in menopausal women; however, new evidence has since been published, which should be considered.
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the evidence synthesis on the effect of hormone therapy, compared with control, on sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Persistent inflammation can trigger altered epigenetic, inflammatory, and bioenergetic states. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with evidence of subsequent metabolic syndrome disorder. Studies have demonstrated that as many as 42% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who are found to have high-grade dysplasia, either already had colorectal cancer (CRC) or develop it within a short time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In England, vaccination for human papillomavirus, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM). However, uptake is sub-optimal and some men do not complete all recommended vaccine doses. This service evaluation aimed to explore reasons for lack of uptake for each of these vaccines among MSM in one English sexual health service and to inform improvements in service delivery to increase full dose completion rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Following viral infection, genetically manipulated mice lacking immunoregulatory function may develop colitis and dysbiosis in a strain-specific fashion that serves as a model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found that one such model of spontaneous colitis, the interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (IL-10) model derived from the SvEv mouse, had evidence of increased Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) viral RNA expression compared to the SvEv wild type. MMTV is endemic in several mouse strains as an endogenously encoded Betaretrovirus that is passaged as an exogenous agent in breast milk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDating app use is common and has become particularly relevant for transgender and non-binary people seeking platonic, romantic, and sexual connections with others. In this qualitative study, 15 transgender and non-binary individuals ( = 22.67 years, = 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: In 2010, British Columbia (BC) implemented HIV Treatment as Prevention (TasP) as policy. We examined trends in virologic suppression and determinants of significant viremia among a prospective biobehavioural cohort of men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Vancouver from 2012-2017.
Methods: Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit sexually active gbMSM (≥16 years) who completed biannual study visits with a computer-assisted self-interview and clinical CD4 and viral load (VL) testing.
Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are affected by dietary factors, including nondigestible carbohydrates (fibers), which are fermented by colonic microbes. Fibers are overall beneficial, but not all fibers are alike, and some patients with IBD report intolerance to fiber consumption. Given reproducible evidence of reduced fiber-fermenting microbes in patients with IBD, we hypothesized that fibers remain intact in select patients with reduced fiber-fermenting microbes and can then bind host cell receptors, subsequently promoting gut inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe vermiform appendix is generally considered a redundant organ, but recent evidence suggests that the appendix could contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, in particular ulcerative colitis (UC), and may even have a therapeutic role; however, mechanisms of the appendix involvement remain unclear. Here, we highlight current evidence on the link between the appendix and UC and consider plausible therapeutic implications. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and PubMed Central from inception to Nov 2021 using the terms "Appendix", "UC", "Appendix & UC," "Appendectomy", and "Peri-appendicular patch," including only articles published in English.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK, (CT) and (NG) infections commonly occur asymptomatically at extragenital sites. Therefore, MSM seeking sexual health services are offered three-site (oropharyngeal, rectal and urogenital) STI screening. To increase access to screening, some UK sexual health services enable asymptomatic service users to order free STI screening kits online for self-sampling at home.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) who engage in transactional sex (sex in exchange for drugs, money, or goods) experience increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV. This study explored additional psychosocial and health-related factors associated with transactional sex among GBM. Methods Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit GBM in Vancouver, Canada, from 2012 to 2015, with follow up every 6months until July2019.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In Canada, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. Our objective was to describe access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and identify factors associated with not using PrEP among self-reported HIV-negative or HIV-unknown GBM.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of the Engage study cohort.