Nocturnal enuresis and psychosocial problems in pediatric sickle cell disease and sibling controls.

To evaluate current and lifetime prevalence rates of nocturnal enuresis and psychosocial problems among children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in comparison with sibling controls, a structured interview and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist were administered to primary caretakers regarding 126 of their children aged 5 to 17 with SCD and 47 sibling controls. Lifetime rates of enuresis among children with SCD were comparable to similar studies, and exceeded population prevalence and sibling control rates. In addition, enuretic children had higher levels of total psychosocial problems on the Pediatric Symptom Checklist regardless of group status, although patterns of subscale differences varied by group and enuresis history after controlling for child age.

Clinical case study: pediatric residents' discussions of and interventions for children's behavioral and emotional problems.

Objective: To examine the effects of a screening instrument and parent handouts on pediatric residents' discussions of and interventions for children's behavioral and emotional problems.

Method: Four pediatric residents and 52 parent-child dyads attending an ambulatory pediatric primary care clinic participated in the study. We used a multiple baseline design across residents.

Elevated plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in autistic youngsters: stimulus for a GABA hypothesis of autism.

Background: Autistic Disorder is an early-onset developmental disorder with severe lifelong impact on social functioning, communication, and behavior. There is currently no marker or cure. The pathophysiology and etiology are obscure.

Do adults with mental retardation show pictorial superiority effects in recall and recognition?

We examined memory for pictures and words in adults with mental retardation and a control group of adults of normal intelligence. During acquisition, sets of simple line drawings and matching words were presented for study using an intentional learning procedure. The principle dependent measures were free recall and recognition.