Women in leadership matters: Achieving diversity in radiology residency recruitment.

Rationale And Objectives: To assess whether academic radiology departments and residency programs with efforts toward supporting and augmenting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) are associated with a higher proportion of residents from diverse backgrounds.

Materials And Methods: Program Directors within the Radiology Residency Education Research Alliance were surveyed to gather information about program characteristics, incorporation of diversity in resident recruitment, the sponsoring department's commitment to efforts at expanding diversity, and a summary of their current and past residents, staff and faculty members (academic years 2020 and 2023) with respect to a list of diversity characteristics.

Results: Survey response rate was 51 %.

Virtual Interviewing for Radiology Residency: Pluses, Minuses, and A Review of the Literature.

This article reviews current medical literature to assess the benefits and drawbacks of virtual interviews for radiology residencies as well as the downstream effects of these changes, best practices, and potential future recruitment methods. Topics covered include the effects of remote recruitment in promoting accessibility and applicant diversity and equality as well as fiscal, environmental, and time savings in combination with technical challenges, the complications of over application, challenges in assessment of program culture and location, impact on morale, and hidden financial and emotional costs. Learnings from other medical specialties are highlighted in addition to the process of signaling, guidelines for conducting and participating in virtual interviews, and matters for future consideration.

Factors Associated With Radioactive Iodine Therapy-Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Objective: To identify factors associated with radioactive iodine (RAI)-acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).

Methods: Retrospective chart review and telephone surveys of patients who received RAI therapy for thyroid carcinoma at an academic institution were conducted. Telephone surveys were used to screen for post-RAI NLDO diagnoses.

The Deleterious Effects of Impaired Fibrinolysis on Skeletal Development Are Dependent on Fibrin(ogen), but Independent of Interlukin-6.

Chronic diseases in growing children, such as autoimmune disorders, obesity, and cancer, are hallmarked by musculoskeletal growth disturbances and osteoporosis. Many of the skeletal changes in these children are thought to be secondary to chronic inflammation. Recent studies have likewise suggested that changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis may contribute to musculoskeletal growth disturbances.

Severe injury-induced osteoporosis and skeletal muscle mineralization: Are these related complications?

Severely injured patients are beleaguered by complications during convalescence, such as dysregulated biomineralization. Paradoxically, severely injured patients experience the loss of bone (osteoporosis), resulting in diminished skeletal integrity and increased risk of fragility fractures; yet they also accrue mineralization in soft tissues, resulting in complications such as heterotopic ossification (HO). The pathophysiology leading to dysregulated biomineralization in severely injured patients is not well defined.

Intra-articular Monteggia Fracture: A Case Study of Using the Center of Rotational Angulation to Improve a Functional Outcome.

Introduction: Elbow fractures are the most common pediatric fracture to require operative fixation and can be associated with significant morbidities such as vascular injury, neurologic injury, and loss of function. Specifically, the chronic Monteggia fracture-dislocation causes devastating losses in range of motion. Presenting as a proximal to midshaft ulna fracture and radiocapitellar joint disruption, the acute injury can be successfully managed with closed reduction, serial casting, and close follow-up.

Posttraumatic Proximal Radioulnar Synostosis after Closed Reduction for a Radial Neck and Olecranon Fracture.

Posttraumatic proximal radioulnar synostosis (PPRUS) is a severe complication of radial head and neck fractures known to occur after severe injury or operative fixation. Cases of PPRUS occurring after minimally displaced, nonoperatively treated radial neck injuries are, by contrast, extremely rare. Here, we present a pediatric case of PPRUS that developed after a nonoperatively treated minimally displaced radial neck fracture with concomitant olecranon fracture.

Bone Fracture Acute Phase Response-A Unifying Theory of Fracture Repair: Clinical and Scientific Implications.

Bone fractures create five problems that must be resolved: bleeding, risk of infection, hypoxia, disproportionate strain, and inability to bear weight. There have been enormous advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that resolve these problems after fractures, and in best clinical practices of repairing fractures. We put forth a modern, comprehensive model of fracture repair that synthesizes the literature on the biology and biomechanics of fracture repair to address the primary problems of fractures.

A Subdermal Osteochondroma in a Young Girl.

Osteochondromas are common benign tumors of cartilage and bone. They are usually found as contiguous bone with a cartilage cap at the end of the growth plate of long bones. Similar to structure are extraskeletal osteochondromas.

Prevalence of Hypertension in Pediatric Tibia Vara and Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis.

Background: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and tibia vara (Blount disease) are associated with childhood obesity. However, the majority of obese children do not develop SCFE or tibia vara. Therefore, it is hypothesized that other obesity-related biological changes to the physis, in addition to increased biomechanical stress, potentiate the occurrence of SCFE and tibia vara.

OTO: Ontology Term Organizer.

Background: The need to create controlled vocabularies such as ontologies for knowledge organization and access has been widely recognized in various domains. Despite the indispensable need of thorough domain knowledge in ontology construction, most software tools for ontology construction are designed for knowledge engineers and not for domain experts to use. The differences in the opinions of different domain experts and in the terminology usages in source literature are rarely addressed by existing software.

Micro-computed tomography derived anisotropy detects tumor provoked deviations in bone in an orthotopic osteosarcoma murine model.

Radiographic imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Currently, computed-tomography (CT) is used to measure tumor-induced osteolysis as a marker for tumor growth by monitoring the bone fractional volume. As most tumors primarily induce osteolysis, lower bone fractional volume has been found to correlate with tumor aggressiveness.

Autocrine VEGF/VEGFR1 signaling in a subpopulation of cells associates with aggressive osteosarcoma.

Unlabelled: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy and accounts for more than half of primary skeletal malignancies in children and young adults. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in osteosarcoma has been associated with poor outcome, its role in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma remains controversial. Here, VEGF and VEGFR1 expression in both human and murine osteosarcoma cells associated with increasing malignant potential.

Fibrin accumulation secondary to loss of plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis drives inflammatory osteoporosis in mice.

Objective: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility associated with aging, menopause, smoking, obesity, or diabetes. Persistent inflammation has been identified as an instigating factor in progressive bone loss. In addition to the role of fibrin in coagulation, inordinate fibrin deposition within a tissue matrix results in increased local inflammation.

Pleiotropic effects of bisphosphonates on osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone and accounts for half of all primary skeletal malignancies in children and teenagers. The prognosis for patients who fail or progress on first-line chemotherapy protocols is poor, therefore, additional adjuvant therapeutic strategies are needed. A recent feasibility study has demonstrated that the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL) can be combined safely with conventional chemotherapy.

Ethnicity reporting practices for empirical research in three autism-related journals.

This review examines ethnicity reporting in three autism-related journals (Autism, Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, and Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders) over a 6-year period. A comprehensive multistep search of articles is used to identify ethnicity as a demographic variable in these three journals. Articles that identified research participants' ethnicity were further analyzed to determine the impact of ethnicity as a demographic variable on findings of each study.

Bisphosphonates inhibit osteosarcoma-mediated osteolysis via attenuation of tumor expression of MCP-1 and RANKL.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone and accounts for around 50% of all primary skeletal malignancies. In addition to novel chemotherapies, there is a need for adjuvant therapies designed to inhibit osteosarcoma proliferation and tumor-induced osteolysis to attenuate tumor expansion and metastasis. As such, studies on the efficacy of bisphosphonates on human osteosarcoma are planned after feasibility studies determined that the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL) can be safely combined with conventional chemotherapy.

Medial approach for drainage of the obturator musculature in children.

Background: In a recent study designed to determine the anatomic location of infection in children presenting with acute hip pain, fever, and elevated inflammatory markers, we demonstrated the incidence of infection of the musculature surrounding the hip to be greater than twice that of septic arthritis. Importantly, the obturator musculature was infected in >60% of cases. Situated deep in the pelvis, surrounding the obturator foramen, debridement of these muscles and placement of a drain traditionally requires an extensive ilioinguinal or Pfannenstiel approach, placing significant risk to the surrounding neurovascular structures.

Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pericapsular pyomyositis of the hip in children.

Background: The yield of synovial fluid cultures in patients meeting clinical criteria for septic hip arthritis remains low. In the presence of positive blood cultures, these patients are diagnosed and treated as "presumed septic arthritis." We hypothesized that some of these patients may instead have an extra-articular infection, such as pericapsular pyomyositis.

Differential development of the distal and proximal femoral epiphysis and physis in mice.

Many pathologic conditions of hip development result from aberrant vascularity with subsequent effects on physeal resorption and epiphyseal fusion. To elucidate the mechanisms of these developmental disorders, researchers have mainly focused on larger mammals as they have been well characterized and are known to provide a model similar to humans in which a secondary ossification center is formed through an independent blood supply followed by physeal resorption. Murine models of hip development, however, have never been characterized as it was previously assumed that all physes in rodents never resorb and therefore not suitable as a model of the human condition.

Thrombin induces osteosarcoma growth, a function inhibited by low molecular weight heparin in vitro and in vivo: procoagulant nature of osteosarcoma.

Background: Procoagulant states, leading to activation of the coagulation protease thrombin, are common in cancer and portend a poor clinical outcome. Although procoagulant states in osteosarcoma patients have been described, studies exploring osteosarcoma cells' ability to directly contribute to procoagulant activity have not been reported. This study explores the hypothesis that osteosarcoma can regulate thrombin generation and proliferate in response to thrombin, and that attenuating thrombin generation with anticoagulants can slow tumor growth.

Quantifying intra-osseous growth of osteosarcoma in a murine model with radiographic analysis.

The orthotopic murine osteosarcoma model is an excellent representation of the human condition as mice develop rapid growth of 'primary' tumor with subsequent lung metastasis. Currently, monitoring tumor growth relies on measuring pulmonary metastases occurring four weeks post injection. Studies show that amputation of the tumor-bearing limb is required before pulmonary metastases are detectable due to rapid growth causing morbidity.