A service evaluation of the North East Essex Diabetes Service (NEEDS).

Improving outcomes and the integration of diabetes care for adults is a National Health Service ambition. In north east Essex, United Kingdom, an innovative interprofessional community-based diabetes service (North East Essex Diabetes Service (NEEDS)) was developed to provide a single point of access and continuity of care across an integrated, interprofessional care pathway. The aim was to evaluate how NEEDS was embedded into Primary Care, and gain insight into how it works from the perspective of staff delivering the service and from those receiving care.

Large-scale and long-term wildlife research and monitoring using camera traps: a continental synthesis.

Camera traps are widely used in wildlife research and monitoring, so it is imperative to understand their strengths, limitations, and potential for increasing impact. We investigated a decade of use of wildlife cameras (2012-2022) with a case study on Australian terrestrial vertebrates using a multifaceted approach. We (i) synthesised information from a literature review; (ii) conducted an online questionnaire of 132 professionals; (iii) hosted an in-person workshop of 28 leading experts representing academia, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and government; and (iv) mapped camera trap usage based on all sources.

What volume of injection should be used in hydrodilatation for frozen shoulder? A prospective cohort study.

This study evaluated the outcome and recurrence rates after hydrodilatation (HD) in patients with frozen shoulder (FS), comparing the effects of injecting 25 mL or more of fluid versus lower volumes. A total of 132 shoulders (130 patients) were treated at a shoulder clinic between August 2019 and February 2023. HD was performed under ultrasound guidance, injecting a combination of 40 mg Triamcinolone, 10 mL of local anaesthetic, and saline to a total volume of 10 to 40 mL based on patient tolerance.

Biodiversity impacts of the 2019-2020 Australian megafires.

With large wildfires becoming more frequent, we must rapidly learn how megafires impact biodiversity to prioritize mitigation and improve policy. A key challenge is to discover how interactions among fire-regime components, drought and land tenure shape wildfire impacts. The globally unprecedented 2019-2020 Australian megafires burnt more than 10 million hectares, prompting major investment in biodiversity monitoring.

Age truncation due to disease shrinks metapopulation viability for amphibians.

Metapopulations often exist in a fragile balance between local extinctions and (re)colonisations, in which case emerging threats that alter species vital rates may drastically increase metapopulation extinction risk. We combined empirical data with metapopulation simulations to examine how demographic shifts associated with amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) have altered metapopulation viability for threatened amphibians in Australia. Comparing the ages of museum specimens collected before Bd emerged in Australia with individuals from geographically matched remnant populations revealed significant truncation of age structures post-Bd, with a halving of annual adult survival probabilities.

An invasive pathogen drives directional niche contractions in amphibians.

Global change is causing an unprecedented restructuring of ecosystems, with the spread of invasive species being a key driver. While population declines of native species due to invasives are well documented, much less is known about whether new biotic interactions reshape niches of native species. Here we quantify geographic range and realized-niche contractions in Australian frog species following the introduction of amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a pathogen responsible for catastrophic amphibian declines worldwide.

Drought, fire, and rainforest endemics: A case study of two threatened frogs impacted by Australia's "Black Summer".

Deepening droughts and unprecedented wildfires are at the leading edge of climate change. Such events pose an emerging threat to species maladapted to these perturbations, with the potential for steeper declines than may be inferred from the gradual erosion of their climatic niche. This study focused on two species of amphibians- and (Limnodynastidae)-from the Gondwanan rainforests of eastern Australia that were extensively affected by the "Black Summer" megafires of 2019/2020 and the severe drought associated with them.

Age structure of amphibian populations with endemic chytridiomycosis, across climatic regions with markedly different infection risk.

Threatening processes, such as disease, can drive major changes in population demographics of the host. Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen (), has led to the decline of at least 500 amphibian species across the globe and has been shown to truncate host age structure by lowering adult survival rates. This results in heavy reliance on annual recruitment and the inability to recover in the event of periodic recruitment failure.

Remote family dispute resolution services for COVID and post-COVID times: Client and practitioner perspectives.

In 2020, residents in the state of Victoria, Australia endured months of government restrictions aimed at curbing multiple outbreaks of COVID-19. Family Dispute Resolution (FDR) services continued to assist separating couples to sort out their parenting and property matters, necessitating a rapid and wholesale shift to remote delivery via telephone and video conferencing. This paper reports on interviews during and subsequent to 'lockdown' with clients of FDR services offered by a large, community-sector provider.

TEMPERATURE AS A DRIVER OF THE PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULENCE OF AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a leading cause of global amphibian declines. Severe infections with Bd can lead to cardiac arrest, and mass deaths during epidemics have been reported. Temperature, pH, salinity, and moisture are important determinants of the survival, growth, reproduction, and pathogenicity of Bd, as well as its effect on amphibian populations.

Functional P2X Receptors in the Auditory Nerve of Hearing Rodents Localize Exclusively to Peripheral Glia.

P2X receptors (P2XRs) are associated with numerous pathophysiological mechanisms, and this promotes them as therapeutic targets for certain neurodegenerative conditions. However, the identity of P2XR-expressing cells in the nervous system remains contentious. Here, we examined P2XR functionality in auditory nerve cells from rodents of either sex, and determined their functional and anatomic expression pattern.

Connectivity over a disease risk gradient enables recovery of rainforest frogs.

Chytridiomycosis has been a key driver of global frog declines and extinctions, particularly for high-altitude populations across Australia and the Americas. While recent evidence shows some species are recovering, the extent of such recoveries and the mechanisms underpinning them remain poorly resolved. We surveyed the historical latitudinal and elevational range of four Australian rainforest frogs that disappeared from upland sites between 1989 and 1994 to establish their contemporary distribution and elevational limits, and investigate factors affecting population recovery.

Unimolecular HBr and HF Elimination Reactions of Vibrationally Excited CHCHBr and CDCHFBr: Identification of the 1,1-HBr Elimination Reaction from CDCHFBr and Search for the CD(F)C:HBr Adduct.

Chemical activation experiments and computational methods have been used to study the unimolecular reactions of CHCHBr and CDCHFBr with 90 and 93 kcal mol of vibrational energy, respectively. The four-centered elimination reactions of HBr and DBr are the dominant reactions; however, 2,1-DF, 1,1-HBr, and 1,1-HF reactions are also observed from CDCHFBr. The main focus was to search for the role of the CD(F)C:HBr adduct in the 1,1-HBr elimination for comparison with carbene adducts in 1,1-HX(Y) elimination from RCHXY (X,Y = Cl and F) molecules.

The experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder, their caregivers and health care providers during day procedure: A mixed methods study.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder is now diagnosed in more than 1% of children in Australia and USA. Children with autism spectrum disorder may have additional health care needs, require more specialized services for their health care, or experience more difficulties during hospital attendance. Customized care for these children may assist in decreasing potentially challenging behaviours during hospitalization.

Experimental and Computational Studies of Unimolecular 1,1-HX (X = F, Cl) Elimination Reactions of CDCHFCl: Role of Carbene:HF and HCl Adducts in the Exit Channel of RCHFCl and RCHCl Reactions.

The gas-phase unimolecular reactions of CDCHFCl molecules with 94 kcal mol of vibrational energy have been studied by the chemical-activation experimental technique and by electronic-structure computations. Products from the reaction of CDCHFCl molecules, formed by the recombination of CD and CHFCl radicals in a room temperature bath gas, were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 2,1-DCl (81%) and 1,1-HCl (17%) elimination reactions are the principal processes, but 2,1-DF and 1,1-HF elimination reactions also are observed.

Analysis of the Five Unimolecular Reaction Pathways of CDClCHFCl with Emphasis on CDCl(F)C: and CDCl(Cl)C: Formed by 1,1-HCl and 1,1-HF Elimination.

The five unimolecular HX and DX (X = F, Cl) elimination pathways of CDClCHFCl* were examined using a chemical activation technique; the molecules were generated with 92 kcal mol of vibrational energy in a room-temperature bath gas by a combination of CDCl and CHFCl radicals. The total unimolecular rate constant was 9.7 × 10 s, and branching fractions for each channel were 0.

Optimal timing of biodiversity offsetting for metapopulations.

Biodiversity offsetting schemes permit habitat destruction, provided that losses are compensated by gains elsewhere. While hundreds of offsetting schemes are used around the globe, the optimal timing of habitat creation in such projects is poorly understood. Here, we developed a spatially explicit metapopulation model for a single species subject to a habitat compensation scheme.

The Unimolecular Reactions of CFCHF Studied by Chemical Activation: Assignment of Rate Constants and Threshold Energies to the 1,2-H Atom Transfer, 1,1-HF and 1,2-HF Elimination Reactions, and the Dependence of Threshold Energies on the Number of F-Atom Substituents in the Fluoroethane Molecules.

The recombination of CF and CHF radicals in a room-temperature bath gas was used to prepare vibrationally excited CFCHF* molecules with 101 kcal mol of vibrational energy. The subsequent 1,2-H atom transfer and 1,1-HF and 1,2-HF elimination reactions were observed as a function of bath gas pressure by following the CHF, CF(F)C: and CF product concentrations by gas chromatography using a mass spectrometer as the detector. The singlet CF(F)C: concentration was measured by trapping the carbene with trans-2-butene.

Chemical Activation Study of the Unimolecular Reactions of CDCDCHCl and CHClCHCl with Analysis of the 1,1-HCl Elimination Pathway.

Chemically activated CDCHCl molecules were generated with 88 kcal mol of vibrational energy by the recombination of CD and CHCl radicals in a room temperature bath gas. The competing 2,1-DCl and 1,1-HCl unimolecular reactions were identified by the observation of the CDCD═CHCl and CDCD═CDCl products. The initial CDCDC-Cl carbene product from 1,1-HCl elimination rearranges to CDCD═CDCl under the conditions of the experiments.

In the Aftermath: Attitudes of Anesthesiologists to Supportive Strategies After an Unexpected Intraoperative Patient Death.

Background: Although most anesthesiologists will have 1 catastrophic perioperative event or more during their careers, there has been little research on their attitudes to assistive strategies after the event. There are wide-ranging emotional consequences for anesthesiologists involved in an unexpected intraoperative patient death, particularly if the anesthesiologist made an error. We used a between-groups survey study design to ask whether there are different attitudes to assistive strategies when a hypothetical patient death is caused by a drug error versus not caused by an error.

Interspecific variation in the phenology of advertisement calling in a temperate Australian frog community.

Spatial and temporal partitioning of resources underlies the coexistence of species with similar niches. In communities of frogs and toads, the phenology of advertisement calling provides insights into temporal partitioning of reproductive effort and its implications for community dynamics. This study assessed the phenology of advertisement calling in an anuran community from Melbourne, in southern Australia.

Genetic structure and diversity of the endangered growling grass frog in a rapidly urbanizing region.

Two pervasive and fundamental impacts of urbanization are the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. From a genetic perspective, these impacts manifest as reduced genetic diversity and ultimately reduced genetic viability. The growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis) is listed as vulnerable to extinction in Australia, and endangered in the state of Victoria.

Characterization of the 1,1-HCl Elimination Reaction of Vibrationally Excited CD3CHFCl Molecules and Assignment of Threshold Energies for 1,1-HCl and 1,2-DCl plus 1,1-HF and 1,2-DF Elimination Reactions.

Vibrationally excited CD3CHFCl molecules with 96 kcal mol(-1) of energy were generated by the recombination of CD3 and CHFCl radicals in a room-temperature bath gas. The four competing unimolecular decomposition reactions, namely, 1,1-HCl and 1,2-DCl elimination and 1,1-HF and 1,2-DF elimination, were observed, and the individual rate constants were measured. The product branching fractions are 0.