Beyond continuous positive airway pressure for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

An accumulating body of evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between sleep and cardiovascular (CV) health. A high level of evidence has linked obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accordingly, clinical sleep medicine emphasizes the diagnosis and treatment of OSA in the context of promoting CV health.

Effect of Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Malaria in pregnancy increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a core vector control strategy used to reduce transmission in endemic areas; however, its efficacy in reducing the sequelae of malaria in pregnancy is not well described. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for all studies assessing IRS exposure during pregnancy.

The function of episodic memory in animals.

The best-known example of episodic memory in animals came from food-storing birds. One of the beauties of the food-storing system was that inherent in the behaviour were the elements that (at the time) made up episodic memory: what, where and when. While there were then already plenty of data on animals' ability to put together what and where, the addition of the time element in animals' memory and its testing was one that was both new and experimentally challenging.

Analytical Sensitivity Analysis and Clinical Impact Modeling of Rapigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria.

Laboratory benchmarking allows objective analysis of the analytical performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). We present the analytical detection limits of the Rapigen BIOCREDIT Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH), the Rapigen BIOCREDIT Malaria Ag Pf (pLDH/HRPII), and two best-in-class WHO-prequalified comparator RDTs, generated using standardized panels containing recombinant antigen, in vitro cultured parasites, international standards, and clinical samples. Detection limit antigen concentrations of HRP2, PfLDH, and PvLDH were determined for the Rapigen and comparator RDTs.

Architectural traditions in the structures built by cooperative weaver birds.

Humans cooperate to build complex structures with culture-specific architectural styles. However, they are not the only animals to build complex structures nor to have culture. We show that social groups of white-browed sparrow weavers () build structures (nests for breeding and multiple single-occupant roosts for sleeping) that differ architecturally among groups.

Safety and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine against malaria in healthy adults and women anticipating pregnancy in Mali: two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 and 2 trials.

Background: Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia during pregnancy causes maternal, fetal, and infant mortality. Poor pregnancy outcomes are related to blood-stage parasite sequestration and the ensuing inflammatory response in the placenta, which decreases over successive pregnancies. A radiation-attenuated, non-replicating, whole-organism vaccine based on P falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Vaccine) has shown efficacy at preventing infection in African adults.

Antibody gene features associated with binding and functional activity in malaria vaccine-derived human mAbs.

The impact of adjuvants on malaria vaccine-induced antibody repertoire is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the impact of two adjuvants, Alhydrogel® and AS01, on antibody clonotype diversity, binding and function, post malaria vaccination. We expressed 132 recombinant anti-Pfs230D1 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from participants immunized with malaria transmission-blocking vaccine Pfs230D1, formulated with either Alhydrogel® or AS01.

It's about time to exercise: development of the Exercise Participation Explained in Relation to Time (EXPERT) model.

A perceived 'lack of time' is consistently the most commonly reported barrier to exercise. However, the term fails to capture the multifaceted nature of time-related factors. Recognising the need for a more comprehensive analysis of 'lack of time' as a barrier to exercise, the aim of this study was to develop the exercise participation explained in relation to time (EXPERT) model.

Malaria vaccines: a new era of prevention and control.

Malaria killed over 600,000 people in 2022, a death toll that has not improved since 2015. Additionally, parasites and mosquitoes resistant to existing interventions are spreading across Africa and other regions. Vaccines offer hope to reduce the mortality burden: the first licensed malaria vaccines, RTS,S and R21, will be widely deployed in 2024 and should substantially reduce childhood deaths.

Magnetic Particle Imaging-Guided Thermal Simulations for Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia.

Magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) enables the direct heating of solid tumors with alternating magnetic fields (AMFs). One challenge with MPH is the unknown particle distribution in tissue after injection. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) can measure the nanoparticle content and distribution in tissue after delivery.

Investigative analysis of blood-brain barrier penetrating potential of electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) chemicals using predictive computational models.

Introduction: Seizures are known potential side effects of nicotine toxicity and have been reported in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, e-cigarettes) users, with the majority involving youth or young adults.

Areas Covered: Using chemoinformatic computational models, chemicals (including flavors) documented to be present in ENDS were compared to known neuroactive compounds to predict the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration potential, central nervous system (CNS) activity, and their structural similarities. The literature search used PubMed/Google Scholar, through September 2023, to identify individual chemicals in ENDS and neuroactive compounds.

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with follicular lymphoma receiving frontline chemoimmunotherapy.

Immune responses to primary COVID-19 vaccination were investigated in 58 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) as part of the PETReA trial of frontline therapy (EudraCT 2016-004010-10). COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1) were administered before, during or after cytoreductive treatment comprising rituximab (depletes B cells) and either bendamustine (depletes CD4 T cells) or cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. Blood samples obtained after vaccine doses 1 and 2 (V1, V2) were analysed for antibodies and T cells reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the Abbott Architect and interferon-gamma ELISpot assays respectively.

Equine-assisted services for motor outcomes of autistic children: A systematic review.

Equine-assisted services use various aspects of horses, like their movement, warmth, and size, to enhance individuals' overall well-being. Many studies have underscored the positive impact of equine-assisted services on autistic children, affecting areas such as social interaction, communication, engagement, stereotypical behaviors, and motor functions. Given the growing recognition of motor functions as clinical specifiers in autism, it is imperative to specifically investigate how equine-assisted services influence these outcomes.

Initial clinical experience with the balloon-in-basket pulsed field ablation system: acute results of the VOLT CE mark feasibility study.

Aims: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) potentially offers improved safety and procedural efficiencies compared with thermal ablation. Opportunities remain to improve effective circumferential lesion delivery, safety, and workflow of first-generation PFA systems. In this study, we aim to evaluate the initial clinical experience with a balloon-in-basket, 3D integrated PFA system with a purpose-built form factor for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation.

Subcutaneous Administration of a Monoclonal Antibody to Prevent Malaria.

Background: Subcutaneous administration of the monoclonal antibody L9LS protected adults against controlled infection in a phase 1 trial. Whether a monoclonal antibody administered subcutaneously can protect children from infection in a region where this organism is endemic is unclear.

Methods: We conducted a phase 2 trial in Mali to assess the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous administration of L9LS in children 6 to 10 years of age over a 6-month malaria season.

TRAF3 loss-of-function reveals the noncanonical NF-κB pathway as a therapeutic target in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Here, we report recurrent focal deletions of the chr14q32.31-32 locus, including , a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, in de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (24/324 cases). Integrative analysis revealed an association between copy number loss with accumulation of NIK, the central noncanonical (NC) NF-κB kinase, and increased NC NF-κB pathway activity.

Association between time-of-day for eating, exercise, and sleep with blood pressure in adults with elevated blood pressure or hypertension: a systematic review.

The purpose of this review is to synthesize results from studies examining the association between time-of-day for eating, exercise, and sleep with blood pressure (BP) in adults with elevated BP or hypertension. Six databases were searched for relevant publications from which 789 were identified. Ten studies met inclusion criteria.

Normal Clinical Laboratory Ranges by Age and Sex, and Impact on Study Screening Outcomes in Rural Mali.

The interpretation of a laboratory test result requires an appropriate reference range established in healthy subjects, and normal ranges may vary by factors such as geographic region, sex, and age. We examined hematological and clinical chemistry parameters in healthy residents at two rural vaccine trial sites: Bancoumana and Doneguebougou in Mali, West Africa. During screening of clinical studies in 2018 and 2019, peripheral blood samples from 1,192 apparently healthy individuals age 6 months to 82 years were analyzed at a laboratory accredited by the College of American Pathologists for a complete blood count, and creatinine and/or alanine aminotransferase levels.

Anthropogenic nest material use in a global sample of birds.

As humans increasingly modify the natural world, many animals have responded by changing their behaviour. Understanding and predicting the extent of these responses is a key step in conserving these species. For example, the tendency for some species of birds to incorporate anthropogenic items-particularly plastic material-into their nests is of increasing concern, as in some cases, this behaviour has harmful effects on adults, young and eggs.

The Critical Photographic Variables Contributing to Skull-Face Superimposition Methods to Assist Forensic Identification of Skeletons: A Review.

When an unidentified skeleton is discovered, a video superimposition (VS) of the skull and a facial photograph may be undertaken to assist identification. In the first instance, the method is fundamentally a photographic one, requiring the overlay of two 2D photographic images at transparency for comparison. Presently, mathematical and anatomical techniques used to compare skull/face anatomy dominate superimposition discussions, however, little attention has been paid to the equally fundamental photographic prerequisites that underpin these methods.