Obstructive sleep apnea subtyping based on apnea and hypopnea specific hypoxic burden is associated with brain aging and cardiometabolic syndrome.

Background: Conventional metrics such as the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) may not fully capture the diverse clinical manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aims to establish a novel OSA subtype classification based on the patterns of apneic and hypopneic hypoxic burden (HB), a potential biomarker that more accurately reflects the severity and duration of respiratory events. We further examined the associations of these HB-based subtypes with cardiometabolic risk and brain health outcomes.

Hippocampal deep brain stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: Insights from bilateral temporal lobe and posterior epilepsy cases.

Purpose: This study evaluates the long-term efficacy of hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip-DBS) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), specifically focusing on bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (BTLE) and posterior epilepsy (PE).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 15 DRE patients (11 BTLE, 4 PE) who underwent bilateral Hip-DBS at Samsung Medical Center over an eight-year period. Medical records, seizure diaries, and neuropsychological assessments were reviewed.

Longitudinal changes in sleep and sleep-related symptoms among Korean adults between 2010 to 2022, including the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Background And Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted people's lifestyles, changing sleep patterns. This study investigated changes in sleep patterns and disturbances in South Koreans over the past decade, including during the pandemic.

Methods: We compared data from the Korean Sleep Headache Society Phase I survey (n = 2484; conducted in 2010) and the National Sleep Survey of South Korea 2022 (n = 3729; conducted in 2022), involving participants aged 20-69 years.

Predicting the impact of CPAP on brain health: A study using the sleep EEG-derived brain age index.

Objective: This longitudinal study investigated potential positive impact of CPAP treatment on brain health in individuals with obstructive sleep Apnea (OSA). To allow this, we aimed to employ sleep electroencephalogram (EEG)-derived brain age index (BAI) to quantify CPAP's impact on brain health and identify individually varying CPAP effects on brain aging using machine learning approaches.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed CPAP-treated (n = 98) and untreated OSA patients (n = 88) with a minimum 12-month follow-up of polysomnography.

Sex-specific patterns of discomfort in patients with restless legs syndrome.

Study Objectives: Sex differences in the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) have been reported, with a higher prevalence in women than in men. However, sex differences in clinical presentation remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic differences in patients with RLS between sexes by comparing clinical presentations, iron status, polysomnographic parameters, and treatment.

White matter microstructure and connectivity changes after surgery in male adults with obstructive sleep apnea: recovery or reorganization?

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent clinical problem significantly affecting cognitive functions. Surgical treatment is recommended for those unable to use continuous positive airway pressure. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of upper airway surgery on the white matter (WM) microstructure and brain connectivity in patients with OSA.

National Estimates of Narcolepsy in Korea.

Background And Purpose: Epidemiological data on narcolepsy are rare in South Korea. We aimed to provide an overview of the burden of narcolepsy and its temporal trend in South Korea.

Methods: Patients with narcolepsy were identified by their registration in the Rare and Intractable Disease (RID) register and the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database.

Novel neuroelectrophysiological age index associated with imaging features of brain aging and sleep disorders.

Sleep architecture and microstructures alter with aging and sleep disorder-led accelerated aging. We proposed a sleep EEG based brain age prediction model using convolutional neural networks. We then associated the estimated brain age index with brain structural aging features, sleep disorders and various sleep parameters.

Does Repeated Dosing of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Alleviate Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome?

Background: Several studies have reported the efficacy of intravenous (IV) iron for patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS), but little is known about the efficacy or safety of repeated IV iron treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated doses of IV ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in treating RLS symptoms.

Methods: Patients who received FCM more than twice for RLS from April 2016 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Predicting brain age based on sleep EEG and DenseNet.

We proposed a sleep EEG-based brain age prediction model which showed higher accuracy than previous models. Six-channel EEG data were acquired for 6 hours sleep. We then converted the EEG data into 2D scalograms, which were subsequently inputted to DenseNet used to predict brain age.

Altered cerebrocerebellar functional connectivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and its association with cognitive function.

Study Objectives: Previous functional MRI studies have reported altered brain networks in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the extent and pattern of abnormal connectivity were inconsistent across studies, and cerebrocerebellar connections have been rarely assessed. We investigated functional network changes in cerebral and cerebellar cortices of OSA patients.

White matter tract-specific alterations in patients with primary restless legs syndrome.

Prior diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have investigated white matter (WM) changes in patients with primary restless legs syndrome (RLS), but the results were inconsistent. Here, we proposed using tract-specific statistical analysis (TSSA) to find alterations in specific WM tracts to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of RLS. We enrolled 30 patients with RLS and 31 age- and sex- matched controls who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological tests, and polysomnography.

Effects of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes on Circadian Rhythm and Sleep.

Objective: Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emit less blue light than traditional light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and we previously found that early-night OLED light exposure (LE) delays the melatonin phase by less than LED at a color temperature of 4,000 K. As a follow-up study, we investigated the effects of OLED and LED at a different color temperature (3,000 K) on melatonin profile, sleep, and vigilance.

Methods: 24 healthy subjects (27.

Altered regional cerebral blood flow in obstructive sleep apnea is associated with sleep fragmentation and oxygen desaturation.

Altered cerebral perfusion has been reported in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI, we compared cerebral perfusion between male OSA patients and male healthy reference subjects and assessed correlations of perfusion abnormalities of OSA patients with sleep parameters and neuropsychological deficits at 3 T MRI, polysomnography and neuropsychological tests in 68 patients with OSA and 21 reference subjects. We found lower global and regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume, localized mainly in bilateral parietal and prefrontal cortices, as well as multiple focal cortical and deep structures related to the default mode network and attention network.

Complete Oculomotor Palsy after Influenza Vaccination in a Young Healthy Adult: A Case Report.

Influenza vaccines are known to have a few neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. However, oculomotor palsy caused by influenza vaccination is extremely rare. We present a case report of a 25-year-old woman without any medical history who developed complete oculomotor palsy 2 weeks after influenza vaccination.

Patient characteristics predicting responses to intravenous ferric carboxymaltose treatment of restless legs syndrome.

Background: Significant benefit of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) treatment for restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been well-established. However, no clinical indicators predicting treatment response of RLS have been established. This study aimed to determine factors predicting outcome of clinical FCM treatment of RLS patients.

A Sensitive and Specific Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of Salivary Melatonin and Cortisol: Development and Comparison With Immunoassays.

Melatonin and cortisol are clinically important for diagnosing sleep and mood disorders. We developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for simultaneous measurement of salivary melatonin and cortisol concentrations according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Additionally, we compared the LC-MS/MS assay with immunoassays, ELISA (Direct Salivary Melatonin Elisa EK-DSM, Bühlmann Laboratories AG, Schönenbuch, Switzerland) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Cortisol II, Roche, Mannheim, Germany), using 121 saliva samples.

Effects of Evening Exposure to Light from Organic Light-Emitting Diodes on Melatonin and Sleep.

Background And Purpose: Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emit less blue light than traditional light-emitting diodes (LEDs), but the effects of OLED light exposure (LE) on melatonin and sleep have not been evaluated.

Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (age 26.9±5.

Effect of Sleep Quality on Headache-Related Impact in Primary Headache Disorders.

Background And Purpose: Sleep disturbance is common in patients with primary headache disorders. We were interest in whether poor sleep quality affects patients directly or via increases in the frequency and severity of headaches. To that end, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of sleep quality on the headache-related impact among patients with primary headache disorders.

First Case of Intracranial Mycotic Aneurysm Caused by Associated with Chronic Sinusitis in a Korean Adult.

Intracranial infection caused by anaerobic bacteria is rare, and it is difficult to identify absolute anaerobes in the clinical laboratory, especially when the bacterial load is low. Here, we report the first case of intracranial mycotic aneurysm caused by associated with chronic sinusitis and successful identification of the bacteria by 16S rRNA sequencing from bacterial growth in broth only.

The Role of Anterior Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation as an Alternative Therapy in Patients with Previously Failed Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Epilepsy.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has provided new treatment options for refractory epilepsy; however, treatment outcomes of DBS in refractory epilepsy patients previously treated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) have not been clarified. Herein, treatment outcomes of DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) in patients who had previously experienced VNS failure are reported. Seven patients who had previously experienced VNS failure underwent ANT-DBS device implantation.

Localizing deficits in white matter tracts of patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy: tract-specific statistical analysis.

White matter alterations related to hypocretin pathway have been less evaluated in patients who have narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC), as compared to the identified exploration of gray matter and have varied among structural brain magnetic resonance imaging studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the disruption of specific white matter tracts in drug-naïve patients with NC, by using a tract-specific statistical analysis (TSSA). Forty drug-naïve NC patients with cataplexy and 42 heathy controls were enrolled in the study.