Pain-Related Responses in Preterm Babies Using Automated and Laser Heel-Lancing Devices.

This study aimed to compare the pain-related behavioral and physiological responses and puncture-related characteristics between automated and laser lancets and examine the correlation between infants' pain-related responses and facial expressions during heel lancing in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pain-related responses were assessed using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale, heart rate, and oxygen saturation through pulse oximetry. Facial expressions were also analyzed using a facial recognition application.