The C. elegans TspanC8 tetraspanin TSP-14 exhibits isoform-specific localization and function.

Tetraspanin proteins are a unique family of highly conserved four-pass transmembrane proteins in metazoans. While much is known about their biochemical properties, the in vivo functions and distribution patterns of different tetraspanin proteins are less understood. Previous studies have shown that two paralogous tetraspanins that belong to the TspanC8 subfamily, TSP-12 and TSP-14, function redundantly to promote both Notch signaling and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in C.

Physical interactions facilitate sex change in the protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides.

Sex change in teleost fishes is commonly regulated by social factors. In species that exhibit protogynous sex change, such as the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides, when the dominant males are removed from the social group, the most dominant female initiates sex change. The aim of this study was to determine the regulatory mechanisms of socially controlled sex change in E.

Natural sex change in mature protogynous orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides): gonadal restructuring, sex hormone shifts and gene profiles.

Sexual patterns of teleosts are extremely diverse and include both gonochorism and hermaphroditism. As a protogynous hermaphroditic fish, all orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) develop directly into females, and some individuals change sex to become functional males later in life. This study investigated gonadal restructuring, shifts in sex hormone levels and gene profiles of cultured mature female groupers during the first (main) breeding season of 2019 in Huizhou, China (22° 42' 02.

MicroRNA-29b modulates the innate immune response by suppressing IFNγs production in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

Interferon-γ (IFNγ), a type II interferon, is essential to host resistance against various infections. Unlike other vertebrates, fish have two types of IFNγs, IFNγ1 (also named IFNγ-rel) and IFNγ2. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate multiple biological processes by suppressing mRNA translation or inducing mRNA degradation.

Tetraspanins TSP-12 and TSP-14 function redundantly to regulate the trafficking of the type II BMP receptor in .

Tetraspanins are a unique family of 4-pass transmembrane proteins that play important roles in a variety of cell biological processes. We have previously shown that 2 paralogous tetraspanins in , TSP-12 and TSP-14, function redundantly to promote bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, are not fully understood.

Retinoic acid and androgen influence germ cells development and meiotic initiation in juvenile orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides.

Meiosis is essential for germ cells development for all sexually reproducing species. Retinoic acid (RA) is the key factor controlling the sex-specific timing of meiotic initiation in mammals, birds and tetrapods. Here, we investigated the effects of RA on meiotic initiation and sex determination in protogynous hermaphrodite orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

Effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂).

Environmental changes can lead to food deprivation among aquatic animals. The main objective of this present research was to assess the effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in a hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂).

Expression profiles of dmrts and foxls during gonadal development and sex reversal induced by 17α-methyltestosterone in the orange-spotted grouper.

The orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, is a marine protogynous hermaphrodite fish of commercial importance. There are many examples of sex change species among marine fish, but the molecular basis for the sex change is still unknown. Gonadal expression patterns of the dmrts and foxls genes in E.

The SMOC-1 Protein Acts Cell Nonautonomously To Promote Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates many different developmental and homeostatic processes in metazoans. The BMP pathway is conserved in , and is known to regulate body size and mesoderm development. We have identified the (Secreted MOdular Calcium-binding protein-1) gene as a new player in the BMP pathway.

The forkhead transcription factor UNC-130/FOXD integrates both BMP and Notch signaling to regulate dorsoventral patterning of the C. elegans postembryonic mesoderm.

The proper development of a multicellular organism requires precise spatial and temporal coordination of cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic regulatory mechanisms. Both Notch signaling and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling function to regulate the proper development of the C. elegans postembryonic mesoderm.

Unc93b1 is essential for cytokine activation of five PAMPs in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors that recognize multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate the immune responses to resist the invasion of pathogens. Many TLRs need assistance from trafficking chaperones to transport to the specific cell compartments and then are processed before they are activated. In this study, we identified an important trafficking chaperone, Unc-93 homolog B1 (unc93b1), from the Epinephelus coioides (orange-spotted grouper).

The C. elegans Spalt-like protein SEM-4 functions through the SoxC transcription factor SEM-2 to promote a proliferative blast cell fate in the postembryonic mesoderm.

Proper development of a multicellular organism relies on well-coordinated regulation of cell fate specification, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The C. elegans postembryonic mesoderm provides a useful system for uncovering factors involved in these processes and for further dissecting their regulatory relationships.

Two Paralogous Tetraspanins TSP-12 and TSP-14 Function with the ADAM10 Metalloprotease SUP-17 to Promote BMP Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The highly conserved bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway regulates many developmental and homeostatic processes. While the core components of the BMP pathway have been well studied, much research is needed for understanding the mechanisms involved in the precise spatiotemporal control of BMP signaling in vivo. Here, we provide evidence that two paralogous and evolutionarily conserved tetraspanins, TSP-12 and TSP-14, function redundantly to promote BMP signaling in C.

Promotion of bone morphogenetic protein signaling by tetraspanins and glycosphingolipids.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily of secreted molecules. BMPs play essential roles in multiple developmental and homeostatic processes in metazoans. Malfunction of the BMP pathway can cause a variety of diseases in humans, including cancer, skeletal disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

A role of the LIN-12/Notch signaling pathway in diversifying the non-striated egg-laying muscles in C. elegans.

The proper formation and function of an organ is dependent on the specification and integration of multiple cell types and tissues. An example of this is the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite egg-laying system, which requires coordination between the vulva, uterus, neurons, and musculature. While the genetic constituents of the first three components have been well studied, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the specification of the egg-laying musculature.

The neogenin/DCC homolog UNC-40 promotes BMP signaling via the RGM protein DRAG-1 in C. elegans.

The deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) homolog neogenin functions in both netrin- and repulsive guidance molecule (RGM)-mediated axon guidance and in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. How neogenin functions in mediating BMP signaling is not well understood. We show that the sole C.

The C. elegans SoxC protein SEM-2 opposes differentiation factors to promote a proliferative blast cell fate in the postembryonic mesoderm.

The proper development of multicellular organisms requires precise regulation and coordination of cell fate specification, cell proliferation and differentiation. Abnormal regulation and coordination of these processes could lead to disease, including cancer. We have examined the function of the sole C.

The RGM protein DRAG-1 positively regulates a BMP-like signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway regulates multiple developmental and homeostatic processes. Mutations in the pathway can cause a variety of somatic and hereditary disorders in humans. Multiple levels of regulation, including extracellular regulation, ensure proper spatiotemporal control of BMP signaling in the right cellular context.

The FoxF/FoxC factor LET-381 directly regulates both cell fate specification and cell differentiation in C. elegans mesoderm development.

Forkhead transcription factors play crucial and diverse roles in mesoderm development. In particular, FoxF and FoxC genes are, respectively, involved in the development of visceral/splanchnic mesoderm and non-visceral mesoderm in coelomate animals. Here, we show at single-cell resolution that, in the pseudocoelomate nematode C.

Two Hox cofactors, the Meis/Hth homolog UNC-62 and the Pbx/Exd homolog CEH-20, function together during C. elegans postembryonic mesodermal development.

The TALE homeodomain-containing PBC and MEIS proteins play multiple roles during metazoan development. Mutations in these proteins can cause various disorders, including cancer. In this study, we examined the roles of MEIS proteins in mesoderm development in C.

A conserved Six-Eya cassette acts downstream of Wnt signaling to direct non-myogenic versus myogenic fates in the C. elegans postembryonic mesoderm.

The subdivision of mesodermal cells into muscle and non-muscle cells is crucial to animal development. In the C. elegans postembryonic mesoderm, this subdivision is a result of an asymmetric cell division that leads to the formation of striated body wall muscles and non-muscle coelomocytes.

Mesodermal expression of the C. elegans HMX homolog mls-2 requires the PBC homolog CEH-20.

Metazoan development proceeds primarily through the regulated expression of genes encoding transcription factors and components of cell signaling pathways. One way to decipher the complex developmental programs is to assemble the underlying gene regulatory networks by dissecting the cis-regulatory modules that direct temporal-spatial expression of developmental genes and identify corresponding trans-regulatory factors. Here, we focus on the regulation of a HMX homoebox gene called mls-2, which functions at the intersection of a network that regulates cleavage orientation, cell proliferation and fate specification in the Caenorhabditis elegans postembryonic mesoderm.