Farnesol ameliorates DSS-induced IBD by regulating inflammatory cytokines, repairing the intestinal barrier, reversing the gut microbiota imbalance, and influencing fecal metabolome in C57BL/6 mice.

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally, increasing interest in food ingredients for its prevention and control. This study evaluated the effect of farnesol (FAR), a key component of pomelo flower volatile oil, on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. FAR significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis and secondary liver injury, as shown by improved body weight, DAI, colon length, and pathology, as well as liver function and blood lipid indices.

Penidaleodiolides A and B, Cage-Like Polyketides with Neurotransmission-Regulating Activity from the Soil Fungus L3SO.

L3SO is a fungus isolated from the rhizospheric soil of the chloroplast-deficient plant . A chemical study on the rice fermentation of this fungus led to the isolation and identification of two cage-like polyketides, penidaleodiolide A () and its biosynthetic-related congener penidaleodiolide B (). The structures of and were determined by a combination of extensive spectroscopic analysis, biosynthetic consideration, chemical derivatization, and computational methods.

Oxidized DJ-1 activates the p-IKK/NF-κB/Beclin1 pathway by binding PTEN to induce autophagy and exacerbate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Patients with myocardial infarction have a much worse prognosis when they have myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Further research into the molecular basis of myocardial I/R injury is therefore urgently needed, as well as the identification of novel therapeutic targets and linkages to interventions. Three cysteine residues are present in DJ-1 at amino acids 46, 53, and 106 sites, with the cysteine at position 106 being the most oxidation-prone.

Penisimplicins A and B: Novel Polyketide-Peptide Hybrid Alkaloids from the Fungus JXCC5.

In this study, two previously undescribed nitrogen-containing compounds, penisimplicins A () and B (), were isolated from JXCC5. The structures of and were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of was determined by Marfey's method, ECD calculation, and DP4+ analysis.

SLC6A14 promotes ulcerative colitis progression by facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory condition with frequent relapse and recurrence. Evidence suggests the involvement of SLC6A14 in UC pathogenesis, but the central regulator remains unknown.

Aim: To explore the role of SLC6A14 in UC-associated pyroptosis.

Time series analysis of using the PDCA method combined with the Teach-back method to improve spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions in a grade IIIA hospital in China.

Background: Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is essential for the post-marketing safety evaluation of drugs. Therefore, good monitoring of ADRs is vital for strengthening drug supervision, management, and guiding rational drug use. Chinese medical institutions are the primary source of ADR case reports, but the proportion of the reports in grade IIIA hospitals is still low due to serious under-reporting.

Three previously undescribed metabolites from Cordyceps cicadae JXCH-1, an entomopathogenic fungus.

Three previously undescribed compounds, cordycicadione (1), cordycicadin F (2), and 7-hydroxybassiatin (3), were isolated from the cultures of Cordyceps cicadae JXCH1, an entomopathogenic fungus. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated primarily by NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculations.

A Real-Time Flame Detection Method Using Deformable Object Detection and Time Sequence Analysis.

Timely and accurate flame detection is a very important and practical technology for preventing the occurrence of fire accidents effectively. However, the current methods of flame detection are still faced with many challenges in video surveillance scenarios due to issues such as varying flame shapes, imbalanced samples, and interference from flame-like objects. In this work, a real-time flame detection method based on deformable object detection and time sequence analysis is proposed to address these issues.

Triquinane Sesquiterpene Glycosides from the Basidiomycete .

In our ongoing study of fungal bioactive natural products, 12 previously undescribed triquinane sesquiterpene glycosides, namely, antrodizonatins A-L (-), and four known compounds (-) have been obtained from the fermentation of the basidiomycete . The structures were established unambiguously via extensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations of electronic circular dichroism spectra. This is the first report of triquinane sesquiterpene glycosides.

Importance of DJ-1 in autophagy regulation and disease.

Autophagy is a highly conserved biological process that has evolved across evolution. It can be activated by various external stimuli including oxidative stress, amino acid starvation, infection, and hypoxia. Autophagy is the primary mechanism for preserving cellular homeostasis and is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, cell differentiation, tolerance to starvation conditions, and resistance to aging.

Resveratrol inhibits autophagy against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the DJ-1/MEKK1/JNK pathway.

Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound found in red wine and grape skins, has attracted significant attention due to its cardioprotective properties. DJ-1, a multifunctional protein that participated in transcription regulation and antioxidant defense, was shown to provide a significant protective impact in cardiac cells treated with ischemia-reperfusion. We created a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in vivo and in vitro by ligating the left anterior descending branch of rats and subjecting H9c2 cells to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) to investigate whether RES reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by upregulating DJ-1.

Potential Factors of Primary Hospital Healthcare Professionals in Hindering the Abolition of Routine Skin Test for Cephalosporin: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: In 2021, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of Chinese issued a document that no longer recommended the routine skin test for cephalosporin (RSTC). However, there is still resistance to the cancellation of RSTC in a primary hospital. The study aimed to explore the potential factors for hindering the abolition of the RSTC in a county-level hospital based on the PRECEDE model.

Nine New Pregnane Glycosides from the Cultivated Medicinal Plant .

The ethnobotanical plant has been used for hundreds of years for Dai people in Yunnan Province, China. Previously, chemical investigations on this plant have revealed that pregnane glycosides were the main biological constituents. Nine new pregnane glycosides, marsdeosides A-I (-), were isolated from cultivated dried stems of the medicinal plant in this study.

Polymeric Composites in Road and Bridge Engineering: Characterization, Production and Application.

As a result of their rapid development, polymer composites are seeing wider use in transportation infrastructure in China and worldwide [...

Ganoaustralins A and B, Unusual Aromatic Triterpenes from the Mushroom .

Two triterpenes, ganoaustralins A () and B (), featuring unprecedented 6/6/6/5/6 scaffolds were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom . The structures were determined by extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of the C-25 in ganoaustralin A was assigned by the phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) method.

Antibacterial and β-amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitory polyketides from the fungus .

One new prenylated benzenoid, (±)-chevalieric acid (), and four new anthraquinone derivatives, (10,12)-, (10,12)-, (10,12)-, and (10,12)-chevalierone (-), together with ten previously described compounds (-), were isolated from the fungus (L. Mangin) Thom and Church. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis.

DJ-1 activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway by binding RACK1 to induce autophagy and protect the myocardium from ischemia/hypoxia injury.

Myocardial Ischemic Injury is a serious threat to human health, and DJ-1 is involved in cardioprotection. The research intended to explore the effects and mechanism of DJ-1 to protect myocardium against ischemia injury. DJ-1 overexpression lentivirus vectors were transduced into the myocardium of SD rats and H9c2 cells, and an AMI model in vivo and a hypoxia model in vitro were established, respectively.

Cordycicadins A-D, Antifeedant Polyketides from the Entomopathogenic Fungus JXCH1.

Cordycicadins A-D (-) are four novel polyketides that were isolated from the liquid fermentation of the insect-pathogenic fungus JXCH1. The structures were determined by a combination of spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and computational methods. Compounds , , and harbor an unusual exocyclic enol ether bridge that connects the separated ring systems.

SARS-CoV-2 infection drives an inflammatory response in human adipose tissue through infection of adipocytes and macrophages.

Obesity, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue, is associated with adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. To explore whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of adipose tissue contributes to pathogenesis, we evaluated COVID-19 autopsy cases and deeply profiled the response of adipose tissue to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. In COVID-19 autopsy cases, we identified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in adipocytes with an associated inflammatory infiltrate.

α-Glucosidase inhibitory phenylpropanoid-dihydrochalcone hybrids from the leaves of medicinal plant Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder.

Eight undescribed phenylpropanoid-dihydrochalcone hybrids, namely (+)- and (-)-malahupin A, (+)- and (-)-malahupin B, (±)-malahupin C, malahupinosides A and B, 7‴-epi-malahupinoside B, together with two known compounds, phloretin and phlorizin, were isolated from the leaves of the folk medicinal plant Malus hupehensis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic methods, chiral-phase analysis, and ECD calculations. Compounds (+)-malahupin B and malahupinoside B showed weak inhibition activities against the nitric oxide production in liposaccharide-induced murine RAW264.

Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nor-lanostane triterpenes from the medicinal fungus Ganoderma australe.

Chemical investigation on the medicinal fungus Ganoderma australe led to the identification of ten new nor-lanostane triterpenes, namely two hexa-nor ones, ganoaustratetraenones A (1) and B (2), five penta-nor ones, ganoaustraldehydes A-E (3-7), and three tetra-nor ones ganoaustrenoic acids A-C (8-10). The chemical structures along with the absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis of 1D & 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The postulated biosynthesis pathways of these compounds were proposed.