Short term high-fat diet induced liver ILC1 differentiation associated with the TLR9 activation.

The health impact of dietary fat is a significant nutritional concern. However, the effects of high-fat diet on immune system particularly the liver regional immune function remains still unclear. Liver ILC1 has been recently identified as playing crucial roles in anti-viral defense, liver regeneration, and protection against acute liver injury.

The Contrasting Effects of Two Distinct Exercise Training Modalities on Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Mice May Be Associated with Alterations in the Gut Microbiota.

Exhaustive exercise is known to induce muscle damage characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Although "regular" and "weekend warrior" exercise regimens have been shown to confer comparable health benefits in human studies, such as reduced risks of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality, their differential impacts on muscle damage post-exhaustive exercise remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of long-term, moderate-intensity (LTMI) and short-term, high-intensity (STHI) training modalities, matched for total exercise volume, on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and exhaustive exercise-induced muscle damage in mice, as well as to evaluate the correlation between these factors.

Pterostilbene targets the molecular oscillator RORγ to restore circadian rhythm oscillation and protect against sleep restriction induced metabolic disorders.

Background: Considerable researches have directed toward metabolic disorders caused by sleep restriction (SR). SR-induced disruption of circadian metabolic rhythmicity is identified as an important pathophysiological mechanism. The flavonoid pterostilbene (PTE) is abundant in the traditional Chinese medicine dragon's blood with protective efficacy against obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions.

Long-term high loading intensity of aerobic exercise improves skeletal muscle performance the gut microbiota-testosterone axis.

Exercise is reported to play a crucial role in skeletal muscle performance. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Thus, we investigated the effect of high-intensity aerobic exercise on skeletal muscle performance.

Dihydromyricetin Attenuates High-Intensity Exercise-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Associated with the Modulation of the Phenotype of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes.

Background: Exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS) has symptoms commonly induced by strenuous sports. The study aimed to determine the effect of dihydromyricetin (DHM) administration on high-intensity exercise (HIE)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and the underlying mechanism involved with intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs).

Methods: The HIE model was established with male C57BL/6 mice using a motorized treadmill for 2 weeks, and DHM was given once a day by oral gavage.

Dihydromyricetin Enhances Exercise-Induced GLP-1 Elevation through Stimulating cAMP and Inhibiting DPP-4.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether endogenous GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) could respond to exercise training in mice, as well as whether dihydromyricetin (DHM) supplementation could enhance GLP-1 levels in response to exercise training. After 2 weeks of exercise intervention, we found that GLP-1 levels were significantly elevated. A reshaped gut microbiota was identified following exercise, as evidenced by the increased abundance of , , and genus, which are involved in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Dihydromyricetin-Encapsulated Liposomes Inhibit Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Liver Inflammation by Orchestrating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization.

Exhaustive exercise (EE) induced hepatic inflammatory injury has been well reported. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has shown anti-inflammatory bioactivity and hepatoprotective effects but is limited by poor bioavailability. Here, high-bioavailability DHM-encapsulated liposomes were synthesized and explored for their therapeutic potential and regulatory mechanisms in a hepatic inflammatory injury model.

Dihydromyricetin attenuates palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress by promoting autophagy via SIRT3-ATG4B signaling in hepatocytes.

Background: Oxidative stress in hepatocytes was important pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Autophagy was a cellular process that can remove damaged organelles under oxidative stress, and thus presented a potential therapeutic target against NASH. This work aimed to investigate whether autophagy was participated in the protective effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on palmitic acid (PA)-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes and the underlying mechanism.

The Preventive Effects of Pterostilbene on the Exercise Intolerance and Circadian Misalignment of Mice Subjected to Sleep Restriction.

Scope: The study investigates the effects of pterostilbene (PTE) on exercise endurance and circadian rhythm in sleep-restricted (SR) mice.

Methods And Results: The SR model is established by keeping mice awake during the first 8 h of light period for 5 d and PTE (100 mg kg d ) is given once a day. PTE improves endurance in SR mice by significantly prolonging the exhaustive swimming time and ameliorating exercise fatigue biochemical parameters, including creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase.

Resveratrol enhances brown adipose tissue activity and white adipose tissue browning in part by regulating bile acid metabolism via gut microbiota remodeling.

Objective: Current evidence has linked dietary resveratrol (RSV) intake to the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induction of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, which may be a potential means of improving glucose homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: A diet containing RSV was fed to db/db mice for 10 weeks, following which the body weight, adipose tissue accumulation, bile acid (BA) profiles, and markers of BA metabolism were analyzed.

ameliorates insulin secretion failure through Chrebp/Txnip signaling via modulating PKA/PP2A activities.

Background: , produced from daidzein by gut microbiota, has been suggested as an potential anti-diabetic agent, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidences demonstrated that carbohydrate response element-binding protein (Chrebp)/Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) signaling played central roles on diabetes progression, particularly in relation to the function maintenance and apoptosis of pancreatic β-cell. Here, we investigated the effects of on β-cell function and Chrebp/Txnip signaling

Methods: Zucker diabetic fatty rats were treated with racemic (120 mg/kg.

Pterostilbene Enhances Endurance Capacity via Promoting Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Exercise Training in Rats.

It has been demonstrated that skeletal muscle adaptions, including muscle fibers transition, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in the regular exercise-induced improvement of endurance capacity and metabolic status. Herein, we investigated the effects of pterostilbene (PST) supplementation on skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise training in rats. Six-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sedentary control group (Sed), an exercise training group (Ex), and exercise training combined with 50 mg/kg PST (Ex + PST) treatment group.

Capsaicin Improves Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity Through Modulation of the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid-FXR Axis in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice.

Scope: Previous studies have linked dietary capsaicin (CAP) intake to improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods And Results: Type 2 diabetic db/db mice are fed a chow diet with or without CAP treatment for 8 weeks.

Resveratrol protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by improving lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis via the PPARα pathway.

Resveratrol (RSV), a well-known bioactive compound, has been reported to exert a broad range of health benefits. Accumulating evidence suggests that RSV is beneficial for many metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of RSV on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rats and palmitate acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte steatosis in HepG2 cells.

Myricetin improves endurance capacity by inducing muscle fiber type conversion via miR-499.

Background: Reprogramming of fast-to-slow myofiber switch can improve endurance capacity and alleviate fatigue. Accumulating evidence suggests that a muscle-specific microRNA, miR-499 plays a crucial role in myofiber type transition. In this study, we assessed the effects of natural flavonoid myricetin on exercise endurance and muscle fiber constitution, and further investigated the underlying mechanism of myricetin in vivo and in vitro.

Resveratrol prevents sarcopenic obesity by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress via the PKA/LKB1/AMPK pathway.

Background: The concept of sarcopenic obesity refers to low muscle mass coupled with high adiposity in older adults. Sarcopenic obesity is a new medical challenge that imposes tremendous financial burdens on healthcare authorities worldwide. This study investigated the effects of resveratrol on high-fat diet-induced sarcopenic obesity in aged rats and palmitate acid-induced muscle atrophy in L6 myotubes and explored the underlying mechanisms.

Synergy between dihydromyricetin intervention and irinotecan chemotherapy delays the progression of colon cancer in mouse models.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third highest cause of cancer-related death and the main option for prolonged survival is chemotherapeutic intervention. There is increasing interest in dietary intervention using natural agents to enhance the sensitivity of such invasive chemical treatment. In this study, the chemotherapeutic efficacy of dihydromyricetin (DMY) intervention on treatments involving irinotecan (CPT-11) or gemcitabine (GM) was evaluated in an AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer model and a Min (Apc Min/+) mice model.

SIRT3 Deficiency Promotes High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Correlation with Impaired Intestinal Permeability through Gut Microbial Dysbiosis.

Scope: Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) plays a protective role against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by improving hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. Gut microbiota imbalance contributes to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, yet the underlying mechanism linking SIRT3 with gut microbiota in NAFLD progression remains obscure.

Methods And Results: Wild-type 129 mice and SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3KO) mice are placed under a chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD) treatment for 18 weeks.

Comparative effects of different whole grains and brans on blood lipid: a network meta-analysis.

Purpose: The comparative effects of different whole grains and brans on blood lipid are still not totally elucidated. We aimed to estimate and rank the effects of different whole grains and brans on the control of blood lipid.

Methods: We performed a strategic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for relevant trials.

Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.

Background: The combined effect of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) diet and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not known.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an LCHP diet combined with ω-3 (LCHP+ω-3) on glycemic control in patients with T2D.

Design: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial, 122 newly diagnosed participants with T2D were randomly assigned to receive a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet with low ω-3 PUFAs [control (CON)], an LCHP, ω-3, or LCHP+ω-3 diet for 12 wk.

Ampelopsis grossedentata supplementation effectively ameliorates the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Some animal and cellular experiments showed that ampelopsis grossedentata (APL) was helpful to improve insulin resistance or glucose uptake.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of APL on blood glucose metabolism, lipid, and renal function parameters in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Eighty participants with T2DM were randomly assigned to the APL group (n = 40, 10 g of APL daily contained 970 mg of dihydromyricetin) or to the placebo group (n = 40, 10 g of APL daily deleted dihydromyricetin) for 1 month in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

Crosstalk between gut microbiota and Sirtuin-3 in colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease involving a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is expressed at a low level in cancer tissues of CRC, but it is unclear how Sirt3 modulates colonic tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that gut microbiota play a central role in the resistance to CRC tumor formation in wild-type (WT) mice through APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli)-mutant mouse microbiota transfer via Wnt signaling.

Dihydromyricetin enhances glucose uptake by inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway and consequent down-regulation of phosphorylation of PPARγ in 3T3-L1 cells.

Accumulating evidence suggests that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling can reduce phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at serine 273, which mitigates obesity-associated insulin resistance and might be a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid that has many beneficial pharmacological properties. In this study, mouse fibroblast 3T3-L1 cells were used to investigate whether DHM alleviates insulin resistance by inhibiting PPARγ phosphorylation at serine 273 via the MEK/ERK pathway.

Capsaicin Supplementation Improved Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals with Low HDL-C Levels.

Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of capsaicin intervention on the serum lipid profile in adults with low HDL-C. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, 42 eligible subjects were randomly assigned to the capsaicin ( = 21, 4 mg of capsaicin daily) or to the control group ( = 21, 0.

Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Induces Vascular Inflammation by Activating the NLRP3 Inflammasome Through the SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS Signaling Pathway.

Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has recently been identified as a novel and independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis through inducing vascular inflammation. However, the exact mechanism is currently unclear. Studies have established a central role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of vascular inflammation.