Accelerating Crystallization of Open Organic Materials by Poly(ionic liquid)s.

The capability to significantly shorten the synthetic period of a broad spectrum of open organic materials presents an enticing prospect for materials processing and applications. Herein we discovered 1,2,4-triazolium poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) could serve as a universal additive to accelerate by at least one order of magnitude the growth rate of representative imine-linked crystalline open organics, including organic cages, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and macrocycles. This phenomenon results from the active C5-protons in poly(1,2,4-triazolium)s that catalyze the formation of imine bonds, and the simultaneous salting-out effect (induced precipitation by decreasing solubility) that PILs exert on these crystallizing species.

[Whole genome sequencing reveals the distribution of resistance and virulence genes of pathogenic CCHTP from giant panda].

Pathogenic is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infection in animals. We investigated the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of pathogenic CCHTP derived from urine with occult blood of the giant panda by whole genome sequencing. The flanking sequencing of resistance and virulence genes in genomic islands were also analyzed.

Comparative Analysis of MicroRNA and mRNA Profiles of Sperm with Different Freeze Tolerance Capacities in Boar () and Giant Panda ().

Post-thawed sperm quality parameters vary across different species after cryopreservation. To date, the molecular mechanism of sperm cryoinjury, freeze-tolerance and other influential factors are largely unknown. In this study, significantly dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs in boar and giant panda sperm with different cryo-resistance capacity were evaluated.

Reproductive Strategy Inferred from Major Histocompatibility Complex-Based Inter-Individual, Sperm-Egg, and Mother-Fetus Recognitions in Giant Pandas ().

Few major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-based mate choice studies include all MHC genes at the inter-individual, sperm-egg, and mother-fetus recognition levels. We tested three hypotheses of female mate choice in a 17-year study of the giant panda () while using ten functional MHC loci (four MHC class I loci: -C, -F, -I, and -L; six MHC class II loci: -DRA, -DRB3, -DQA1, -DQA2, -DQB1, and -DQB2); five super haplotypes (SuHa, SuHaI, SuHaII, DQ, and DR); and, seven microsatellites. We found female choice for heterozygosity at -C, -I, and DQ and for disassortative mate choice at -C, DQ, and DR at the inter-individual recognition level.

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Differentially Expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs Involved in Cryoinjuries in Frozen-Thawed Giant Panda () Sperm.

Sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination are important methods for giant panda breeding and preservation of extant genetic diversity. Lower conception rates limit the use of artificial insemination with frozen-thawed giant panda sperm, due to the lack of understanding of the cryodamaging or cryoinjuring mechanisms in cryopreservation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulating spermatogenesis.

Effect of tetramethylpyrazine combined with cisplatin on VEGF, KLF4 and ADAMTS1 in Lewis lung cancer mice.

Objective: To further explore the function of combine use of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and cisplatin (DDP) in lung carcinoma.

Methods: We used the combination drug to treat Lewis lung cancer mice, investigated the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) and to further explore the inhibitory effects and potential mechanism of TMP combined with DDP on tumor angiogenesis.

Results: The tumor growth was suppressed in TMP group, DDP group and TMP combined with DDP group.

Factors affecting genotyping success in giant panda fecal samples.

Fecal samples play an important role in giant panda conservation studies. Optimal preservation conditions and choice of microsatellites for giant panda fecal samples have not been established. In this study, we evaluated the effect of four factors (namely, storage type (ethanol (EtOH), EtOH -20 °C, 2-step storage medium, DMSO/EDTA/Tris/salt buffer (DETs) and frozen at -20 °C), storage time (one, three and six months), fragment length, and repeat motif of microsatellite loci) on the success rate of microsatellite amplification, allelic dropout (ADO) and false allele (FA) rates from giant panda fecal samples.

Analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene reveals the unique evolution of the giant panda.

As the rate-limiting enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) plays a crucial role in biological metabolism. "Living fossil" giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is well-known for its special bamboo diet. In an effort to explore functional variation of COX1 in the energy metabolism behind giant panda's low-energy bamboo diet, we looked at genetic variation of COX1 gene in giant panda, and tested for its selection effect.

Establishment and cryopreservation of a giant panda skeletal muscle-derived cell line.

The giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca is an endangered species and is a symbol for wildlife conservation. Although efforts have been made to protect this rare and endangered species through breeding and conservative biology, the long-term preservation of giant panda genome resources (gametes, tissues, organs, genomic libraries, etc.) is still a practical option.

Genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), with a focus on the applications of a novel microsatellite marker system.

Background: The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a critically endangered species endemic to China. Microsatellites have been preferred as the most popular molecular markers and proven effective in estimating population size, paternity test, genetic diversity for the critically endangered species. The availability of the giant panda complete genome sequences provided the opportunity to carry out genome-wide scans for all types of microsatellites markers, which now opens the way for the analysis and development of microsatellites in giant panda.

Changes in plasma PPARs levels in migraine patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to observe the change in plasma PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) level during various periods and in different subtypes in migraine patients.

Material And Methods: We divided 227 patients with migraine into 2 main groups: the attack period group (n=98) and the attack-free period group (n=129). Patients were further divided into 4 subgroups according to whether they had aura symptoms.

[Effects of wilderness-training Ailuropoda melanoleuca's feeding and artificial harvesting on population structure of Fargesia robusta clone].

From 2003 to 2007, the methods of plot sampling and positioning observation were adopted to investigate the population density, basal diameter, and plant height of Umbrella bamboo (Fargesia robusta) clone in the Wolong Natural Reserve of China. In the meantime, the effects of wilderness-training Ailuropoda melanoleuca's feeding and artificial harvesting on the population regeneration of the clone were studied, and the responses of the population structure (age-, size-, and height-class distribution) to different management modes (A. melanoleuca's feeding, artificial harvesting, control) were approached with the scale- and shape-parameters of Weibull distribution function.

Natural selection coupled with intragenic recombination shapes diversity patterns in the major histocompatibility complex class II genes of the giant panda.

Ample variations of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are essential for vertebrates to adapt to various environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated the genetic variations and evolutionary patterns of seven functional MHC class II genes (one DRA, two DRB, two DQA, and two DQB) of the giant panda. The results showed the presence of two monomorphic loci (DRA and DQB2) and five polymorphic loci with different numbers of alleles (seven at DRB1, six at DRB3, seven at DQA1, four at DQA2, six at DQB1).

[Microsatellite DNA polymorphism of adrenomedullin gene and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction].

Objective: To detect the correlation between the microsatellite DNA polymorphism of adrenomedullin(ADM) gene (repeated sequences of CA) and the atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI).

Methods: With PCR, ADM genotype was monitored from 189 normotensive subjects and 283 cerebral infarction patients. By using radioimmunoassay, their plasma ADM concentration was measured, so as the biochemical index.

Effect of adrenomedullin on neuron apoptosis, infarction volume and expression of Egr-1 mRNA after focal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Objective To observe the influence of adrenomedullin (ADM) on neuron apoptosis, infarction volume of brain, and the expression of early growth response 1 (Egr-1) mRNA in ischemia-reperfusion rats. Methods The arteria cerebri media was tied for 2 h to construct the ischemia model. Infarction volume was detected by triphenltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, neuronal apoptosis and necrosis was detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick labeling (TUNEL) method, and the Egr-1 mRNA expression was examined by in situ hybridization (ISH).

[Effect of adrenomedullin on neuron apoptosis and early growth response gene-1 after focal ischemia/ reperfusion in rats].

Objective: To explore the influence of adrenomedullin (ADM) on apoptosis of neuron, volume of infarction and the expression of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) mRNA in the rat with focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, ADM femoral vein group, internal carotid artery group and lateral cerebral ventricle group. The model was reproduced by ligating the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with a ligature for 2 hours followed by injection of ADM through femoral artery, internal carotid artery and lateral cerebral ventricle before reperfusion for 22 hours.

[Interspecies nuclear transfer using nonquiescent somatic cell].

It is the point at issue in intraspecies nuclear transfer whether quiescence is necessary for development of nuclear transfer reconstructed embryos. In the interspecies nuclear transfer, some reports have proved that quiescent cell is able to support preimplantation development of the interspecies reconstructed embryos. Are non-quiescent cells able to support preimplantation development of the interspecies reconstructed embryos? We used non-quiescent somatic cells from C57BL/6 mice and giant pandas as donors to transfer into enucleated rabbit oocytes.

Flow cytometric cell-cycle analysis of cultured fibroblasts from the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca L.

In animal cloning, it is generally believed that the inactive diploid G(0)or G(1)stage of the cell cycle is beneficial to initiate cell-cycle coordination and reprogramming following transfer of the donor nucleus. Previous experiments have demonstrated that serum starvation results in quiescent cell stage. Some experiments show that the majority of cells in a fully confluent cell culture are also in an inactive G(1)stage.

Interspecies implantation and mitochondria fate of panda-rabbit cloned embryos.

Somatic cell nuclei of giant pandas can dedifferentiate in enucleated rabbit ooplasm, and the reconstructed eggs can develop to blastocysts. In order to observe whether these interspecies cloned embryos can implant in the uterus of an animal other than the panda, we transferred approximately 2300 panda-rabbit cloned embryos into 100 synchronized rabbit recipients, and none became pregnant. In another approach, we cotransferred both panda-rabbit and cat-rabbit interspecies cloned embryos into the oviducts of 21 cat recipients.