Intrathecal morphine delivery at prepontine cistern to control refractory cancer-related pain: a case report of extensive metastatic and refractory cancer pain.

Background: Extensive metastatic and refractory cancer pain is common, and exhibits a dissatisfactory response to the conventional intrathecal infusion of opioid analgesics.

Case Presentation: The present study reports a case of an extensive metastatic esophageal cancer patient with severe intractable pain, who underwent translumbar subarachnoid puncture with intrathecal catheterization to the prepontine cistern. After continuous infusion of low-dose morphine, the pain was well-controlled with a decrease in the numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain score from 9 to 0, and the few adverse reactions to the treatment disappeared at a low dose of morphine.

NFATc3 deficiency protects against high fat diet (HFD)-induced hypothalamus inflammation and apoptosis via p38 and JNK suppression.

Hypothalamic inflammation and apoptosis cause neural injury, playing an important role in metabolic syndrome development. Nuclear Factors of Activated T cells (NFATc3) show many physiological and pathological effects. However, the function of NFATc3 in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hypothalamus injury remains unknown.