Nitric oxide in the cardio-cerebrovascular system: Source, regulation and application.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role as a messenger or effector in the body, yet it presents a dual impact on cardio-cerebrovascular health. Under normal physiological conditions, NO exhibits vasodilatory effects, regulates blood pressure, inhibits platelet aggregation, and offers neuroprotective actions. However, in pathological situations, excessive NO production contributes to or worsens inflammation within the body.

Biomimetic protein structural transitions regulate activation and inhibition of the broad-spectrum bactericidal activity of cationic nanoparticles.

The development of cationic polymers as alternative materials to antibiotics necessitates addressing the challenge of balancing their antimicrobial activity and toxicity. Here we propose a precise switching strategy inspired by biomimetic voltage-gated ion channels, enabling controlled activation and inhibition of cationic antimicrobial functions through protein conformational transitions in diverse physiological environments. Following thermodynamic studies on the specific recognition between mannose end groups on polycations and concanavalin A (ConA), we synthesized a type of ConA-polycation nanoparticle.

[Effects of maltodextrin on water adsorption and thermodynamic properties of Codonopsis Radix spray-dried powder].

This study aims to reveal the effects of maltodextrin(MD) on the water adsorption and thermodynamic properties of Codonopsis Radix(DS) spray-dried powder by determining the moisture and energy changes of the powder in the process of moisture absorption. The static weighing method was used to obtain the isothermal water adsorption data of the spray-dried powder in 6 saturated salt solutions(KAc, MgCl_2·6H_2O, K_2CO_3, NaBr, NaCl, and KCl) at 3 temperatures(25, 35, and 45 ℃). Six models were used for fitting of the water adsorption process, and the most suitable model was selected based on the model performance.

Identifying the oral microbiome of adolescents with and without dental fluorosis based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Dental fluorosis, resulting from long-term environmental exposure to fluoride, is prevalent among diverse populations worldwide. Severe fluorosis not only compromises the aesthetic appeal of teeth but also impairs their functionality. This study aims to investigate the oral microbiome in dental fluorosis and the health individuals of adolescents living in the endemic fluorosis area of Guizhou, China through full-length 16S rDNA sequencing.

[Water migration and kinetics of Arecae Semen during moistening process].

In this study, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were employed to analyze the water distribution, status, and migration in the moistening process of Arecae Semen. Peleg model was adopted to study the water absorption kinetics of Arecae Semen moistened at different water temperatures(10, 30, and 50 ℃). The Arecae Semen samples soaked at different water temperatures all contained four water states: binding water T_(21), non-flowing water T_(22), free water T_(23), and unbound water T_(24).

The Gene Affects Cell Adhesion, Stress Tolerance, and Antibiotic Resistance in Clostridioides difficile.

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that is one of the leading causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The cell wall protein 66 gene () encodes a cell wall protein, which is the second major cell surface antigen of C. difficile.

[Study on endpoint determination method of tablet coating based on 3σ criteria and logic regression].

This paper explores the statistical distribution characteristics of coating film thickness, so as to present a new method for determining coating endpoint based on 3σ criterion and logic regression. Firstly, the spectrum and thickness of 4 batch samples were collected. Secondly, the spectral range of normal products was obtained by 3σ criterion, with the spectral feature NI as the number of test spectrum in the above range.

Serological Evidence for the Association Between Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Sjögren's Syndrome.

Background: Exposure to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been hypothesized to be an important risk factor for multiple rheumatic diseases, but the serological evidence so far for its role in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is not clearly established yet. This study aimed to assess the seroepidemiological associations of antibodies to EBV with SjS.

Methods: A seroepidemiological study containing 119 patients with SjS and 65 healthy controls was first performed, in which the associations of SjS with four commonly studied EBV antibodies including IgM-anti-viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA) antibody, IgG-anti-VCA antibody, IgG-anti-early antigen (anti-EA) antibody, and IgG-anti-EBV nuclear antigen 1 (anti-EBNA1) antibody were evaluated.

Tissue distribution of naringin and derived metabolites in rats after a single oral administration.

Naringin has been documented to possess multiple pharmacological activities. Reported pharmacokinetic studies revealed that oral bioavailability of naringin was low, in contrast to its significant pharmacological effects. The in vivo distribution of naringin and derived metabolites might partly explain this discrepancy.

Poor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Correlates with Mast Cell Infiltration in Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

Our understanding is limited concerning the tumor immune microenvironment of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an aggressive form of primary cancer with low rates of pathologic complete response to current neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimens. We retrospectively identified pretreatment ( = 86) and matched posttreatment tissue ( = 27) from patients with stage III or stage IV IBC who received NAC followed by a mastectomy. Immune profiling was performed including quantification of lymphoid and myeloid infiltrates by IHC and T-cell repertoire analysis.

Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Naringin in Aged Rats.

Aging is an inevitable biological process characterized by the loss of functional capacity and associated with changes in all phases of pharmacokinetic processes. Naringin, a dietary flavanone glycoside, has been proved to be beneficial for the treatment of multiple age-associated chronic diseases. To date, the pharmacokinetic processes of naringin in aged individuals are still unknown.

[Glass transition of Chinese medicine extract powder and its application].

Glass transition theory is an important theory in polymer science, which is used to characterize the physical properties. It refers to the transition of amorphous polymer from the glassy state to the rubber state due to heating or the transition from rubber state to glassy state due to cooling. In this paper, the glassy state and glass transition of food and the similar relationship between the composition of Chinese medicine extract powder and food ingredients were described; the determination method for glass transition temperature (Tg) of Chinese medicine extract powder was established and its main influencing factors were analyzed.

[Thermodynamic analysis of water adsorption and desorption process of Chinese herbal decoction pieces].

Based on the basic theory of thermodynamics, the thermodynamic parameters and related equations in the process of water adsorption and desorption of Chinese herbal decoction pieces were established, and their water absorption and desorption characteristics were analyzed. The physical significance of the thermodynamic parameters, such as differential adsorption enthalpy, differential adsorption entropy, integral adsorption enthalpy, integral adsorption entropy and the free energy of adsorption, were discussed in this paper to provide theoretical basis for the research on the water adsorption and desorption mechanism, optimum drying process parameters, storage conditions and packaging methods of Chinese herbal decoction pieces.

[Effect of different DE values of malto-dextrin on properties for Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus spray-dried powder].

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different DE values of malto-dextrin on Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus spray-dried powder. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the spray-dried powder, powder properties and microscopic morphology were determined, and then the moisture absorption isotherms and the glass transition temperature were used to predict its storage stability. The study showed that after adding malto-dextrin, the powder rate was increased; moisture content was decreased; Tg was increased; mobility got better; produced spherical microstructure; and Tg was increased with the decrease of DE value.

EGFR gene mutation in gastrointestinal stromal tumours.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and its association with various clinicopathological variables, as well as to discuss further the effects of EGFR mutations on tumour formation and progression.

Methods And Results: A well-characterized cohort of 323 GISTs, obtained between 2010 and 2015 from the surgical pathology files of at the Department of Pathology of the Nanjing Jinling Hospital, was screened for mutations in exons 19 and 21 of the EGFR gene. Patient clinical data and clinicopathological features were collected if available in the medical records.

Multifaceted biological insights from a draft genome sequence of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta.

Manduca sexta, known as the tobacco hornworm or Carolina sphinx moth, is a lepidopteran insect that is used extensively as a model system for research in insect biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, development, and immunity. One important benefit of this species as an experimental model is its extremely large size, reaching more than 10 g in the larval stage. M.

[Isothermal adsorption, desorptionand thermodynamic properties of Scutellaria baicalensis pieces].

To study the characteristics of adsorption and desorption of Scutellaria baicalensis pieces. On the basic thermodynamic theory, thestatic method was adopted to obtain S. baicalensis pieces' isothermal adsorption and desorption data at 25, 35, 45 ℃, with the water activity between 0.

[Alveolar soft part sarcoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 48 cases].

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS).

Methods: The clinical data and pathologic features of 48 cases of ASPS were evaluated. Immunohistochemical study, PAS staining and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) were carried out in selected examples.

[Clinicopathologic study of primary renal hemangioblastoma].

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of primary renal hemangioblastoma.

Methods: The morphologic features, immunophenotype and molecular findings of 3 cases of primary renal hemangioblastoma were studied, with review of literature.

Results: The age of patients ranged from 43 to 57 years.

[Effect of air humidity on traditional Chinese medicine extract of spray drying process and prediction of its powder stability].

In order to solve the adhesion and the softening problems of traditional Chinese medicine extract during spray drying, a new method of adding dehumidified air into spray drying process was proposed, and the storage stability conditions of extract powder could be predicted. Kouyanqing extract was taken as model drug to investigate on the wet air (RH = 70%) and dry air conditions of spray drying. Under the dry air condition, the influence of the spray drying result with different air compression ratio and the spray-dried powder properties (extract powder recovery rate, adhesion percentage, water content, angle of repose, compression ratio, particle size and distribution) with 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 °C inlet temperature were studied.

[Clinicopathologic features of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma].

Objective: To study the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC).

Methods: The histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features were studied in 11 cases and follow-up data were also analyzed.

Results: There were a total of 3 females and 8 males.

Structural features, evolutionary relationships, and transcriptional regulation of C-type lectin-domain proteins in Manduca sexta.

C-type lectins (CTLs) are a large family of Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins recognizing various glycoconjugates and functioning primarily in immunity and cell adhesion. We have identified 34 CTLDP (for CTL-domain protein) genes in the Manduca sexta genome, which encode proteins with one to three CTL domains. CTL-S1 through S9 (S for simple) have one or three CTL domains; immulectin-1 through 19 have two CTL domains; CTL-X1 through X6 (X for complex) have one or two CTL domains along with other structural modules.

Frequent co-inactivation of the SWI/SNF subunits SMARCB1, SMARCA2 and PBRM1 in malignant rhabdoid tumours.

Aims: Malignant rhabdoid tumours (MRTs) are highly aggressive malignancies of early infancy characterized by inactivation of SMARCB1, a core member of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex. The aim of this study was to explore the status of multiple key subunits of the SWI/SNF complex in MRTs.

Methods And Results: We screened the key subunits of the SWI/SNF complex, including SMARCB1, SMARCA2, PBRM1, SMARCA4, and ARID1A, in four MRTs by immunohistochemistry, sequencing, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH).

[Clinicopathologic features of extrapulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemic phenotypes and genetic alterations of extrapulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) and the correlation with prognosis.

Methods: Thirty cases of IMT with follow-up were analyzed morphologically and immunohistochemically. ALK FISH was also performed to determine the ALK gene status.