Ultrasonic treatment at different pH values affects the macromolecular, structural, and rheological characteristics of citrus pectin.

Ultrasonic degradation has become a promising strategy for producing modified pectin (MP). In this study, the impact of ultrasonic treatment at various pH values (4.0, 7.

Production, physicochemical characteristics, and in vitro biological activities of polysaccharides obtained from fresh bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) via room temperature extraction techniques.

In this study, polysaccharides (BPSs) were obtained from fresh bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) by room temperature extraction techniques, including three-phase partitioning (TPP) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) performed in different solvents. The results showed that the extraction methods had significant influence on the extraction yield, chemical composition, weight-average molecular weight (M), monosaccharide composition, preliminary structural characterization and microstructure of the BPSs.

Antioxidant and Neuroprotector Influence of Endo-Polyphenol Extract from Magnesium Acetate Multi-Stage Addition in the Oak Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus baumii (Agaricomycetes).

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of magnesium acetate (MA) addition on the endo-polyphenol yield by Phellinus baumii and establish a feasible additive strategy. The optimal three-point MA addition strategy (0.05 g/L concentration of MA added at 0 h and 6 h, 0.

Spatiotemporal expression of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor protein during neural tube development in embryos with neural tube defects.

Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), as a neuroregulatory cytokine receptor, generally shows a neuroprotective effect in central nervous system injuries. In this study, to understand the effect of LIFR on pathogenesis of neural tube defects, we explored spatiotemporal expression of LIFR at different stages of fetal development in normal and neural tube defect embryos. Spina bifida aperta was induced with all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day 10 in rats, and the spatiotemporal expression of LIFR was investigated in spina bifida aperta rats and healthy rats from embryonic day 11 to 17.

Employment of ARTP to Generate Phellinus baumii (Agaricomycetes) Strain with High Flavonoids Production and Validation by Liquid Fermentation.

To obtain Phellinus baumii strain with high flavonoids yield, ARTP was employed to generate mutants of a Ph. baumii strain, which were screened for higher flavonoids content. After five rounds of screening, four mutants were identified to produce more flavonoids than the wild type strain under optimal conditions, of which A67 was the mutant with the highest flavonoids productive capacity.

Review of Advances in Bioactive Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds, Extracts, and Biology of Phellinus sensu lato Mushrooms (Agaricomycetes) from 2011 to 2017.

Various diseases such as cancer, hyperglycemia, and obesity negatively influence people's health and daily life. Mushroom species are miniature pharmaceutical factories producing hundreds of novel constituents with a long history of use in Oriental medicine. As a new therapy, they have attracted much attention owing to their potent therapeutic activity.

MGMT is down-regulated independently of promoter DNA methylation in rats with all-trans retinoic acid-induced spina bifida aperta.

O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day (E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day.

Three-phase partitioning for the direct extraction and separation of bioactive exopolysaccharides from the cultured broth of Phellinus baumii.

In this study, three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to directly extract and separate bioactive exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from a cultured broth of Phellinus baumii. The maximum extraction yield of EPS was 52.09% under the following optimal conditions: 20% (w/v) ammonium sulfate concentration, 1.

Comparative study of physicochemical properties and bioactivity of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides at different solvent extractions.

In this study, hot water, 0.9% NaCl, citric acid, and 1.25 M NaOH/0.

Kinetic models for the effect of temperature on flavonoid production in liquid submerged fermentation by Phellinus baumii.

Kinetic models and temperature control strategy were established to reflect the effect of temperature (22 °C-30 °C) on flavonoid production of Phellinus baumii (P. baumii) in 6-L fermentor. A modified Logistic equation, Hinshelwood model, and Luedeking Piret equation were used to describe mycelial growth and product formation.

Fabrication and stabilization of biocompatible selenium nanoparticles by carboxylic curdlans with various molecular properties.

In this study, carboxylic curdlans (Cur-4, Cur-8, and Cur-24) with different molecular properties and chain conformations were used as stabilizer and capping agent to fabricate stable and water-dispersible selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Results showed that molecular properties and chain conformations of carboxylic curdlans remarkably influenced the size, morphology, structure, and stability of SeNPs and the carboxylic curdlan was ligated to SeNPs via OH⋯Se interaction. The as-prepared SeNPs was amorphous and showed homogeneous and monodisperse spherical structure with size of ∼50-90nm.

Antitumor Effect of By-1 from Spent Broth from Submerged Cultures of Stout Camphor Medicinal Mushroom, Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Higher Basidiomycetes), on A549 Adenocarcinoma Cells.

By-1 was obtained from spent broth from submerged cultures of Taiwanofungus camphoratus. This report evaluates the effects of By-1 on plate clone formation, wound healing, cell cycle, activated caspase-3 expression, and ROS release in A549 lung cancer cells. The result of plate clone formation assay revealed that By-1 could dramatically inhibit the viability of A549 cells in vitro.

Effect of cyclosporin A intervention on the immunological mechanisms of coronary heart disease and restenosis.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cyclosporin A (CSA) intervention on the immunological mechanisms underlying coronary heart disease (CHD) and restenosis (RS) in rabbits. A total of 48 rabbits were randomly divided into normal control (N), N + CSA, CHD model, CHD + CSA, RS model and RS + CSA groups. Rabbits in the respective groups received different treatments prior to sacrifice at the end of week 12.

[An analysis of relationship between the severity of coronary artery lesion and risk factors of cardiovascular events in Tianjin].

Objective: to evaluate the correlation between the severity of coronary artery lesion and multiple risk factors of events of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with coronary arteriography (CAG) in Tianjin.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. One thousand six hundred and twenty-nine patients with CHD as diagnosed with CAG in Tianjin Chest Hospital were enrolled in the study.

Structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of different families of 4-acetamido-TEMPO-oxidised curdlan.

Regioselective oxidation was applied to commercial curdlan for the preparation of its water-soluble derivatives with improved antioxidant activities, using a 4-acetamido-2,2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical/NaClO/NaClO2 system at pH 4.8 and 40°C. The structural features, molecular properties, and chain conformations of the oxidised curdlans were determined using Fourier transform (FT) infrared and FT Raman spectroscopy, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser-light scattering analyses.

An ALV-J isolate is responsible for spontaneous haemangiomas in layer chickens in China.

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), first isolated in 1989, mainly induces tumours of myeloid leukosis (ML) in meat-type chickens. In 2006, ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 was isolated from commercial layer hens with spontaneous haemangiomas in China. To confirm its role in the induction of haemangioma, we constructed a full-length copy of the proviral genome from SCAU-HN06, recovered virus from DF-1 cells detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, characterized its growth property and investigated its pathogenicity.

[Sequence and promoter efficacy analysis of avian leukosis virus subgroup J strains of different pathotypes].

To characterize the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the ALV-J strain which can induce hemangioma, fragments of provirus LTR of the three different ALV-J strains SCAU-HN06, NX0101 and JS-nt were amplified with a pair of specific primers, then cloned and subjected to sequence analysis. In comparison with the prototype ALV-J strains HPRS-103 and ADOL-7501, the LTRs of domestic strains (SCAU-HN06, NX0101, JS-nt and SD07lk1) had an 88.0%-97.

[Cloning and analysis of full-length genes of a H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from Guangdong].

Eight full-length genes of an avian influenza virus Chinese isolate of H9N2 subtype, A/Chicken/Guangdong/HL/2006 (H9N2) (abbreviated as Ck/GD/HL/06), were amplified by RT-PCR, including the 5' and 3' non-coding region. All the genes were cloned and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis results showed the HA gene of Ck/GD/HL/06 was located in the same phylogenetic clade as Dk/HK/Y280/97 (H9N2), while the Dk/HK/Y280/97-like viruses had been predominately isolated from chickens in mainland China.