Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomics Profiling Provides Integrated Insight into Melatonin Mediated Salt and Copper Stress Tolerance in L.

L., (pitaya) is an important tropical fruit crop, and faces significant challenges from soil salinity and heavy metal toxicity. This study explores the role of melatonin (M) in enhancing stress tolerance in pitaya against salinity (S) and copper (Cu) toxicity, both individually and in combination (SCu).

MRI evaluation of neuroprotective effects of Astragaloside Ⅳ on rotenone-induced late-stage Parkinson's disease mice.

Astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) improved the motor behavior of PD mouse but the alteration of imaging in the PD mice brain was unclear. PD models were established by unilateral injection of ROT into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of mice. AS-Ⅳ (4 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 14 days.

Impact of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents on tumor outcome in the context of cancer immunotherapy with highlight on melanoma: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents (SSIAs) for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) on tumor outcome is not well-known. This systematic review evaluates tumor outcomes for corticosteroid (CS) monotherapy versus CS with SSIA (CS-SSIA) for irAE treatment with a focus on melanoma.

Methods: Search was conducted through 1/5/23 using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science.

Computer-aided diagnosis for China-Japan Friendship Hospital classification of necrotic femurs using statistical shape and appearance model based on CT scans.

The purpose of this study is to quantify the three-dimensional (3D) structural morphology, bone mineral density (BMD) distribution, and mechanical properties of different China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CJFH) classification types and assist clinicians in classifying necrotic femurs accurately. In this study, 41 cases were classified as types L2 and L3 based on CT images. Then, 3D Statistical Shape and Appearance Models (SSM and SAM) were established, and 80 principal component (PC) modes were extracted from the SSM and SAM as the candidate features.

Ammonia Sensing Performance at Room Temperature of Ca-Doped CNFs/AlO Gas Sensor.

When NH in the environment exceeds a certain concentration, it may have adverse effects on human health. Ammonia gas sensors currently on the market usually work under high temperatures and are not only expensive but also have poor performance in terms of selectivity. Therefore, the preparation of an ammonia gas sensor that works at room temperature, is low cost, and has high sensitivity and selectivity is particularly important.

Research on the Behavior Recognition of Beef Cattle Based on the Improved Lightweight CBR-YOLO Model Based on YOLOv8 in Multi-Scene Weather.

In modern animal husbandry, intelligent digital farming has become the key to improve production efficiency. This paper introduces a model based on improved YOLOv8, Cattle Behavior Recognition-YOLO (CBR-YOLO), which aims to accurately identify the behavior of cattle. We not only generate a variety of weather conditions, but also introduce multi-target detection technology to achieve comprehensive monitoring of cattle and their status.

GFI-YOLOv8: Sika Deer Posture Recognition Target Detection Method Based on YOLOv8.

As the sika deer breeding industry flourishes on a large scale, accurately assessing the health of these animals is of paramount importance. Implementing posture recognition through target detection serves as a vital method for monitoring the well-being of sika deer. This approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of their physical condition, ensuring the industry can maintain high standards of animal welfare and productivity.

Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) MRI to evaluate the relationship between demyelination and glutamate content in depressed mice.

Glutamatergic alteration is one of the potential mechanisms of depression. However, there is no consensus on whether glutamate metabolism changes affect the myelin structure of depression in mouse models. Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) is a novel and powerful molecular imaging technique that can visualize glutamate distribution.

Explainable machine-learning-based prediction of QCT/FEA-calculated femoral strength under stance loading configuration using radiomics features.

Finite element analysis can provide precise femoral strength assessment. However, its modeling procedures were complex and time-consuming. This study aimed to develop a model to evaluate femoral strength calculated by quantitative computed tomography-based finite element analysis (QCT/FEA) under stance loading configuration, offering an effective, simple, and explainable method.

Low bone turnover is associated with advanced glycation end-products, oxidative stress, and inflammation induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to multiple complications. T2DM-related bone damage has been linked to abnormal bone turnover, but it cannot fully explain the mechanisms of T2DM bone disease. This study attempts to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of poor bone quality in T2DM.

Prodrug-inspired adenosine triphosphate-activatable celastrol-Fe(III) chelate for cancer therapy.

Celastrol (CEL), an active compound isolated from the root of , exhibits broad anticancer activities. However, its poor stability, narrow therapeutic window and numerous adverse effects limit its applications in vivo. In this study, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activatable CEL-Fe(III) chelate was designed, synthesized, and then encapsulated with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymer to obtain CEL-Fe nanoparticles (CEL-Fe NPs).

Correction: Individual dairy cow identification based on lightweight convolutional neural network.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Hippocampal Glutamate Levels and Their Correlation With Subregion Volume in School-Aged Children With MRI-Negative Epilepsy: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Abnormal levels of glutamate constitute a key pathophysiologic mechanism in epilepsy. The use of glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging to measure glutamate levels in pediatric epilepsy is rarely reported in research.

Purpose: To investigate hippocampal glutamate level variations in pediatric epilepsy and the correlation between glutamate and hippocampal subregional volumes.

FLT3 inhibitor maintenance after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in -mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.

Background: The somatic mutation of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 () in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with increased risk of relapse and lower survival rates. FLT3i as maintenance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) are under study to prevent disease relapse, but real-world data are lacking.

Methods: We performed a single center, retrospective cohort study and analyzed patients who had -mutated AML and underwent allogeneic-HSCT between January 2011 to June 2022 at the University of Chicago.

Spatiotemporal Characterization of Microstructure Morphology, Mechanical Properties and Bone Remodeling of Rat Tibia Under Uniaxial Compressive Overload Loading.

Bone tissue is subjected to increased mechanical stress during high-intensity work. Inadequate bone remodeling reparability can result in the continuous accumulation of microdamage, leading to stress fractures. The aim of this work was to investigate the characteristics and repair mechanisms of tibial microdamage under several degrees of overload.

A dual computational and experimental strategy to enhance TSLP antibody affinity for improved asthma treatment.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is a key cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic diseases. Targeting TSLP and its signaling pathways is increasingly recognized as an effective strategy for asthma treatment. This study focused on enhancing the affinity of the T6 antibody, which specifically targets TSLP, by integrating computational and experimental methods.

The trajectory of carbon emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks at the provincial level in China.

Global greenhouse gas emission, major factor driving climate change, has been increasing since nineteenth century. STIRPAT and CEVSA models were performed to estimate the carbon emission peaks and terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks at the provincial level in China, respectively. Utilizing the growth characteristics and the peak time criteria for the period 1997-2019, the patterns of energy consumption and CO emissions from 30 Chinese provinces are categorized into four groups: (i) one-stage increase (5 provinces), (ii) two-stage increase (10 provinces), (iii) maximum around 2013 (13 provinces), and (iv) maximum around 2017 (2 provinces).

Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation of the effects of different doses of verapamil on cancellous bone in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four different doses of verapamil on the mechanical behaviors of solid and the characteristics of fluid flow in cancellous bone of distal femur of type 2 diabetes rats under dynamic external load.

Methods: Based on the micro-CT images, the finite element models of cancellous bones and fluids at distal femurs of rats in control group, diabetes group, treatment groups VER 4, VER 12, VER 24, and VER 48 (verapamil doses of 4, 12, 24, and 48 mg/kg/day, respectively) were constructed. A sinusoidal time-varying displacement load with an amplitude of 0.

The carbon reduction effect of "Going Global" strategy: an empirical perspective on the carbon emission efficiency of OFDI in China.

Under the constraints of the "dual-carbon" objectives, how China can sustain economic development while concurrently achieving carbon emission reduction has become a pressing issue. With the rapid expansion of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), elucidating its impact on carbon emission efficiency (CEE) assumes pronounced significance. Employing the systematic generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, based on panel data spanning the years 2006 to 2019 for China, this study primarily delves into the influence of OFDI on China's CEE.

Linking Community OPR and Communication Infrastructure During a Public Health Crisis: A Study of Community Engagement in Shanghai, China.

Engaging the public and community organizations in local health actions greatly assists disease prevention and control. However, it remains unclear how organization-public relationships (OPR) and communication networks within communities contribute to community health actions. To fill this gap, a survey was conducted among community members in Shanghai, China, who were challenged by the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Biomechanical effects of typical lower limb movements of Chen-style Tai Chi on knee joint.

The load and stress distribution on cartilage and meniscus of the knee joint in typical lower limb movements of Chen-style Tai Chi (TC) and deep squat (DS) were analyzed using finite element (FE) analysis. The loadings for this analysis consisted of muscle forces and ground reaction force (GRF), which were calculated through the inverse dynamic approach based on kinematics and force plate measurements obtained from motion capture experiments. Thirteen experienced practitioners performed four typical TC movements, namely, single whip (SW), brush knee and twist step (BKTS), stretch down (SD), and part the wild horse's mane (PWHM), which exhibit lower posture and greater lower limb force compared to other TC styles.

Role-Specific Curricular Needs for Identification and Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate the immune system against cancer and have become standard of care for many cancers. With increased ICI use, their toxicities known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are becoming more common, but it is unclear how prepared relevant clinicians feel to diagnose and treat irAEs. The objective of this study was to assess irAE knowledge, confidence, and experience among generalists and oncology clinicians to guide future curricular interventions related to irAEs.

Morphological and mechanical alterations in articular cartilage and subchondral bone during spontaneous hip osteoarthritis in guinea pigs.

This study aimed to investigate the morphological and mechanical changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone during spontaneous hip osteoarthritis in guinea pigs. Hip joints of guinea pigs were investigated at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of age (hereafter denoted as 1 M, 3 M, 6 M, and 9 M, respectively; = 7 in each group). Morphological and mechanical alterations during spontaneous hip osteoarthritis in guinea pigs were investigated.

Diffusivity of Human Cartilage Endplates in Healthy and Degenerated Intervertebral Disks.

The cartilage endplates (CEPs) on the superior and inferior surfaces of the intervertebral disk (IVD), are the primary nutrient transport pathways between the disk and the vertebral body. Passive diffusion is responsible for transporting small nutrient and metabolite molecules through the avascular CEPs. The baseline solute diffusivities in healthy CEPs have been previously studied, however alterations in CEP diffusion associated with IVD degeneration remain unclear.