Malate initiates a proton-sensing pathway essential for pH regulation of inflammation.

Metabolites can double as a signaling modality that initiates physiological adaptations. Metabolism, a chemical language encoding biological information, has been recognized as a powerful principle directing inflammatory responses. Cytosolic pH is a regulator of inflammatory response in macrophages.

Global Relative Importance of Denitrification and Anammox in Microbial Nitrogen Loss Across Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems.

Denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) are the major microbial processes responsible for global nitrogen (N) loss. Yet, the relative contributions of denitrification and anammox to N loss across contrasting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems worldwide remain unclear, hampering capacities to predict the human alterations in the global N cycle. Here, a global synthesis including 3240 observations from 199 published isotope pairing studies is conducted and finds that denitrification governs microbial N loss globally (79.

The SUMO (Singly Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)-LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) Inversion Radicals.

Herein, SUMO-LUMO inversion (SLI) radicals - were designed by the combination of the tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical and pyridinium derivatives (electron-withdrawing groups) for the first time. The energy of the LUMO lies below that of the SUMO, which deviated from the Aufbau principle as an alternative electronic configuration beyond the well-established SOMO-HOMO inversed system. Thus, for SLI radicals, the injection of one extra electron preferred to occupy the LUMO rather than the SUMO, giving diradicals, one of which had been fully confirmed by single crystal analysis, VT-NMR and VT-EPR experiments, as well as DFT calculations.

Deduced Conservation Strategy of the Macaques in China from their Evolutionary Development.

Understanding how climate, ecological and environmental changes, and anthropogenic activities have driven animals' development and predicting their prospective distribution profiles are essential to making a tangible conservation strategy. Macaques () distributed in China provide an ideal research model for such an effort. We reconstruct their geographic distribution profiles from the last inter-glaciation (LIG, 120,000-140,000 years BP), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 22,000 years BP), and the present (1970-2000), based on which we deduce their distribution perspective in the 2050s.

Morphometric Study on the Mandible of Colobine Fossil (Mesopithecus pentelicus) Found in East Asia, a Comparison With Extant Taxa.

A tooth-bearing mandible fossil of a colobine monkey discovered at Shuitangba, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China, was morphometrically analyzed and compared with extant Asian colobines. Our previous qualitative and quantitative descriptions indicate that it can be safely attributed to Mesopithecus pentelicus, a Miocene fossil colobine widely found in Europe and South Asia. The present research aims to explore fossil association with extant colobines and functionally propose its dietary preferences based on multivariate morphometric analyses of mandibular morphology.

Photocatalytic therapy via photoinduced redox imbalance in biological system.

Redox balance is essential for sustaining normal physiological metabolic activities of life. In this study, we present a photocatalytic system to perturb the balance of NADH/NAD in oxygen-free conditions, achieving photocatalytic therapy to cure anaerobic bacterial infected periodontitis. Under light irradiation, the catalyst TBSMSPy can bind bacterial DNA and initiate the generation of radical species through a multi-step electron transfer process.

Halogenation-induced C-N bond activation enables the synthesis of 1,2--aryl furanosides deaminative cyclization.

1,2--Aryl furanosides are prevalent in nature and exhibit significant biological activities. The 1,2- configuration is less favorable in terms of stereoelectronic and steric effects, making the synthesis of this type of skeleton highly challenging. Traditional methods for the synthesis of 1,2--aryl furanosides usually require complicated protection manipulations, resulting in lengthy synthetic routes and low overall efficiency.

4-Octyl itaconate inhibits synovitis in the mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and alleviates pain.

Purpose: To investigate the pathological changes of the synovium in mice with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) treated with 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) and evaluate the therapeutic effects of 4-OI.

Methods: In the phenotypic validation experiment, the mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: wild-type (WT) group, sham group, and destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) group. Through MRI, micro-CT, and histological analysis, it was determined that DMM surgery induced a mouse PTOA model with significant signs of synovitis.

An inner membrane complex protein IMC1g in is involved in asexual stage schizogony and parasite transmission.

Unlabelled: The inner membrane complex (IMC), a double-membrane organelle underneath the plasma membrane in apicomplexan parasites, plays a significant role in motility and invasion and confers shape to the cell. We characterized the function of PbIMC1g, a component of the IMC1 family member in . PbIMC1g is recruited to the IMC in late schizonts, activated gametocytes, and ookinetes.

Donor-Acceptor Viologens with Through-Space Conjugation for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis.

A series of novel donor-acceptor (D-A) type viologens with through-space conjugation (TSC) are synthesized. The synergistic effect of D-A conjugation and TSC endow these compounds with a narrower energy gap, excellent redox properties, strong absorption in the visible range (up to 450 nm), and high efficiency of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). These compounds also exhibit a long-lived charge separation state and stable radical formation.

Two-Dimensional Electrically Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Boosts Synaptic Plasticity for Dynamic Image Refresh, Classification, and Efferent Neuromuscular Systems.

We present a two-dimensional (2D) electrically conductive metal-organic framework (EC-MOF)-based artificial synapse. The intrinsic electronic conductivity and subnanometer channels of the EC-MOF facilitate efficient ion diffusion, enable a high density of active redox centers, and significantly enhance capacitance within the artificial synapse. As a result, the synapse operates at an ultralow voltage of 10 mV and exhibits a remarkably low power consumption of approximately 1 fW, along with the longest retention time recorded for two-terminal electrolyte-type artificial synapses to date.

A De Novo Auto-Activated Solar-Driven Biohybrid System for Hydrogen Production in Methanotrophic Cells.

Climate change driving by greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum-based energy has garnered significant attention. Renewable energy production via a sustainable system that integrates the cell factory and visible-light-driven photocatalysts offers a novel approach for upcycling methane and addressing global energy challenges. Here, an auto-activated biohybrid system driven by solar energy is developed for converting methane into hydrogen fuel, which incorporated thienoviologen (S-MV) and genetically engineered methanotrophic bacteria.

Mechanical stimulation promotes fibrochondrocyte proliferation by activating the TRPV4 signaling pathway during tendon-bone insertion healing: CCN2 plays an important regulatory role.

Background: We previously confirmed that mechanical stimulation is an important factor in the repair of tendon-bone insertion (TBI) injuries and that mechanoreceptors such as transient receptor potential ion-channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4; also known as transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) are key to transforming mechanical stimulation into intracellular biochemical signals. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of mechanical stimulation regulating TRPV4.

Methods: Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were used to evaluate cartilage repair at the TBI after injury.

Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen Based Wearable Visible-Light Penetrator for Deep Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a preferred nonsurgical treatment in clinical applications due to its capacity to selectively eradicate diseased tissues while minimizing damage to normal tissue. Nevertheless, its clinical efficacy is constrained by the limited penetration of visible light. Although near-infrared (NIR) lasers offer enhanced tissue penetration, the dearth of suitable photosensitizers and a pronounced imaging-treatment disparity pose challenges.

Optical Bio-Inspired Synaptic Devices.

The traditional computer with von Neumann architecture has the characteristics of separate storage and computing units, which leads to sizeable time and energy consumption in the process of data transmission, which is also the famous "von Neumann storage wall" problem. Inspired by neural synapses, neuromorphic computing has emerged as a promising solution to address the von Neumann problem due to its excellent adaptive learning and parallel capabilities. Notably, in 2016, researchers integrated light into neuromorphic computing, which inspired the extensive exploration of optoelectronic and all-optical synaptic devices.

A polysaccharide from Periplaneta americana promotes macrophage M2 polarization, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities.

A miscellaneous polysaccharide, PAP55-3-1, with a molecular weight of 23.03 kDa, was isolated from Periplaneta americana through extraction with dilute alkali solution, ethanol precipitation, and column chromatography purification. Structural analysis shows that PAP55-3-1 is mainly composed of five monosaccharides: galactosamine hydrochloride, glucosamine hydrochloride, galactose, glucose and mannose.

Hyaluronic Acid-Based Microparticles with Lubrication and Anti-Inflammation for Alleviating Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis.

The pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is closely associated with mechanical friction, which leads to the up-regulation of inflammatory mediators and the degradation of articular cartilage. Injectable drug-loaded microparticles have attracted widespread interest in intra-articular treatment of TMJOA by providing lubrication and facilitating localized drug delivery. Herein, a hyaluronic acid-based microparticle is developed with excellent lubrication properties, drug loading capacity, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory effect for the treatment of TMJOA.

Evolutionary game analysis and efficiency test of water pollution control driven by emission trading: Evidence from Zhejiang Province, China.

Presently, China is actively endorsing the pilot initiative for the remunerative use and trading of emission. By examining the operation and efficacy of emission trading in the context of water pollution control, one can contribute to the advancement and refinement of this system, thereby facilitating the attainment of regional pollution reduction, carbon reduction, and high-quality development objectives. In pursuit of this objective, we develop a theoretical framework for the local government and sewage enterprises evolutionary game of water pollution control, which includes two scenarios without considering and considering emission trading for studying the influencing factors and evolution trajectory of the game subject's.

Advancing primate surveillance with image recognition techniques from unmanned aerial vehicles.

Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveys on thermostatic animals has gained prominence due to their ability to provide practical and precise dynamic censuses, contributing to developing and refining conservation strategies. However, the practical application of UAVs for animal monitoring necessitates the automation of image interpretation to enhance their effectiveness. Based on our past experiences, we present the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) as a case study to illustrate the effective use of thermal cameras mounted on UAVs for monitoring monkey populations in Qinling, a region characterized by magnificent biodiversity.

Directional Electron Flow in a Selenoviologen-Based Tetracationic Cyclophane for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution.

Directional electron flow in the photocatalyst enables efficient charge separation, which is essential for efficient photocatalysis of H production. Here, we report a novel class of tetracationic cyclophanes (7) incorporating bipyridine Pt(II) and selenoviologen. X-ray single-crystal structures reveal that 7 not only fixes the distances and spatial positions between its individual units but also exhibits a box-like rigid electron-deficient cavity.

[Effect of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of Epimedium pubescens].

To investigate the effects of different ratios of organic and chemical fertilizers on the yield and quality of Epimedium pubescens,so as to provide a scientific basis for the fertilization of high-yield and high-quality E. pubescens cultivation. In this experiment,a field plot test was conducted,and CK(without fertilizer) was set as the control group,with five treatment groups with different ratios of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers set up,namely OF0(100% chemical fertilizers),OF25(25% organic fertilizers),OF50(50% organic fertilizers),OF75(75% organic fertilizers),and OF100(100% organic fertilizers).

Bond-Engineered MoSe Nanosheets with Expanded Layers and an Enriched 1T Phase for Highly Efficient Na Storage.

MoSe has attracted significant interest for Na storage due to its large interlayer distance, favorable band gap structure, and satisfying theoretical specific capacity. Nevertheless, the poor conductivity and large volume stress/strain always lead to poor cycle stability and limited rate capability. Herein, the P-Se bond and phase engineering strategies are proposed to enhance the stability of MoSe with the assistance of carbon compositing.

Thermally and Mechanically Stable Perovskite Artificial Synapse as Tuned by Phase Engineering for Efferent Neuromuscular Control.

The doping of perovskites with mixed cations and mixed halides is an effective strategy to optimize phase stability. In this study, we introduce a cubic black phase perovskite CsFAPb(BrI) artificial synapse, using phase engineering by adjusting the cesium-bromide content. Low-bromine mixed perovskites are suitable to improve the electric pulse excitation sensitivity and stability of the device.