Correction to: Chloride content of solutions used for regional citrate anticoagulation might be responsible for blunting correction of metabolic acidosis during continuous venovenous hemofiltration.

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that the approved number by the Ethical Committee was given incorrectly. In the section "Methods" stated that: The Central Ethical Committee of the University Hospital approved the study protocol (B.U.

Dosing vitamin C in critically ill patients with special attention to renal replacement therapy: a narrative review.

Rationale/methods: The primary aim of the present contribution is to find a literature-based agreement on dose adjustments of vitamin C in critically ill patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Available Data/study Results: Critical illness is frequently accompanied by severe vitamin C deficiency. High-dose supplementation beneficially affects clinical outcome in small cohorts of patients with sepsis, burn injury, and trauma.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anti-infective Agents during Continuous Veno-venous Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients: Lessons Learned from an Ancillary Study of the IVOIRE Trial.

Background: Hemofiltration rate, changes in blood and ultrafiltration flow, and discrepancies between the prescribed and administered doses strongly influence pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of antimicrobial agents during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in critically ill patients.

Methods: Ancillary data were from the prospective multicenter IVOIRE (hIgh VOlume in Intensive caRE) study. High volume (HV, 70 mL/kg/h) was at random compared with standard volume (SV, 35 mL/kg/h) CVVH in septic shock patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

How to deal with severe acute pancreatitis in the critically ill.

Purpose Of Review: To review recent literature on the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) admitted to an ICU.

Recent Findings: SAP is a devastating disease associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence advocates adequate risk assessment and severity prediction (including intra-abdominal pressure monitoring), tailored fluid administration favoring balanced crystalloids, withholding prophylactic antibiotic therapy, and early detection and treatment of extra-pancreatic and fungal infections.

Citrate: How to Get Started and What, When, and How to Monitor?

In most of the case, regional citrate anticoagulation is using diluted citrate around 1% depending on the types used in clinical practice. Diluted citrate is much more safer when compared to highly concentrated citrate around 4% or even more. In clinical practice, trisodium citrate is used in high concentration (around 30%) as a bactericidal agent with anticoagulant properties for locking deep venous catheters used in hemodialysis (HD; close to 25-30% of citrate).

Energy expenditure of patients on ECMO: A prospective pilot study.

Background: An optimal nutritional approach sustained by convenient monitoring of metabolic status and reliable assessment of energy expenditure (EE) may improve the outcome of critically ill patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We previously demonstrated the feasibility of indirect calorimetry (IC)-the standard of care technique to determine caloric targets-in patients undergoing ECMO. This study aims to compare measured with calculated EE during ECMO treatment.

An update on membranes and cartridges for extracorporeal blood purification in sepsis and septic shock.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to summarize the most recent advances on different membranes and cartridges used for extracorporeal blood purification in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Recent Findings: Despite positive signals from experimental, cases and small clinical studies, blood purification showed no distinct morbidity and mortality benefit in large clinical trials.

Summary: None of the discussed specific membranes or cartridges can currently be recommended as sole adjunctive treatment in sepsis and septic shock.

Renal failure in critically ill patients, beware of applying (central venous) pressure on the kidney.

The central venous pressure (CVP) is traditionally used as a surrogate of intravascular volume. CVP measurements therefore are often applied at the bedside to guide fluid administration in postoperative and critically ill patients. Pursuing high CVP levels has recently been challenged.