Patterns and predictors of multiple sclerosis phenotype transition.

Currently, there are limited therapeutic options for patients with non-active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Therefore, real-world studies have investigated differences between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, non-active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Here, we explore patterns and predictors of transitioning between these phenotypes.

The effect of robot-assisted versus standard training on motor function following subacute rehabilitation after ischemic stroke - protocol for a randomised controlled trial nested in a prospective cohort (RoboRehab).

Background: Body weight unloaded treadmill training has shown limited efficacy in further improving functional capacity after subacute rehabilitation of ischemic stroke patients. Dynamic robot assisted bodyweight unloading is a novel technology that may provide superior training stimuli and continued functional improvements in individuals with residual impairments in the chronic phase after the ischemic insult. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of dynamic robot-assisted versus standard training, initiated 6 months post-stroke, on motor function, physical function, fatigue, and quality of life in stroke-affected individuals still suffering from moderate-to-severe disabilities after subacute rehabilitation.

Discontinuation of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis - a nationwide study.

Background: Adherence is a prerequisite for the efficacy of any drug, and previous studies have shown that non-adherence is associated with disease activity and increased health care cost in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate rates and reasons for discontinuation of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) among people with MS on a national level and differences between clinics in Denmark.

Methods: This was a nationwide, registry and population study of patients treated with DMF.

Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in cerebrospinal fluid samples following pre-enrichment culture.

Molecular methods for diagnosing Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) have shown suboptimal diagnostic sensitivities. The objective of this study was to improve the clinical sensitivity of PCR detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes by inoculating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients suspected of LNB directly into culture medium at the time of lumbar puncture, with this pursuing enrichment of Borrelia spirochetes before PCR analysis. Adult patients with symptoms suggestive of LNB were prospectively enrolled at two hospitals in the Region of Southern Denmark.

Criterion validity of muscle strain analyses of skeletal muscle function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Despite the wide range of existing performance measures to evaluate functional status of patients with multiple sclerosis, the heterogeneous nature of the disease hinders clinical characterization and monitoring of disease severity. Speckle tracking ultrasonography is a non-invasive technique to assess isolated muscle function by evaluating the contractile properties of muscle tissue, i.e.

Risk factors for development of lymphopenia in dimethyl fumarate-treated patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera®) is a first-line disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Lymphopenia is a frequent reason for discontinuation in fumarate-treated patients. Management strategies to minimize risk of lymphopenia are warranted.

Evaluation of functional outcome measures after fampridine treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis - An interventional follow-up study.

Objective: The purpose of this interventional study on participants with multiple sclerosis (MS) with walking disability was to evaluate changes in functional hand and walking measurements after fampridine treatment, after stratifying by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We furthermore wanted to investigate different functional measurements to evaluate their ability to detect responders to fampridine with a clinically relevant improvement.

Methods: Patients were recruited from the MS Clinic at Odense University Hospital and were classified into two disability groups based on their EDSS score (moderate EDSS (EDSS) 4.

Investigating the potential disease-modifying and neuroprotective efficacy of exercise therapy early in the disease course of multiple sclerosis: The Early Multiple Sclerosis Exercise Study (EMSES).

Background: Potential supplemental disease-modifying and neuroprotective treatment strategies are warranted in multiple sclerosis (MS). Exercise is a promising non-pharmacological approach, and an uninvestigated 'window of opportunity' exists early in the disease course.

Objective: To investigate the effect of early exercise on relapse rate, global brain atrophy and secondary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes.

[Early discharge after stroke with rehabilitation in the home].

This is a review of the summarised evidence behind early supported discharge in stroke, and our experiences. We found a reasonable amount of randomised studies, measuring rehabilitation on different quantitative scales. None of these studies showed, that patients were doing worse when receiving rehabilitation at home instead of hospitalised rehabilitation.

Efficacy of high-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive performance in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS). Progressive aerobic exercise (PAE) represents a promising approach toward preservation or even improvement of cognitive performance in people with MS (pwMS).

Objective: To investigate the effects of PAE on the cognitive domains of information processing, learning and memory, and verbal fluency in pwMS.

[Atypical presentation of spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma].

Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma is a rare condition with serious long- term effects. It has no proven causes but is associated with use of blood thinners, coagulopathies, underlying vascular malformations or tumours, and pregnancy. This is a case report of a 57-year-old woman with an atypical presentation, where an intracranial condition was suspected.

Clinically stable disease is associated with a lower risk of both income loss and disability pension for patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To assess the risk of losing income from salaries and risk disability pension for multiple sclerosis patients with a clinically stable disease course 3 years after the start of disease-modifying therapy (DMT).

Methods: Data from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry were linked to other Danish nationwide population-based databases. We included patients who started treatment with a DMT between 2001 and 2014.

Correction: Langeskov-Christensen, M., et al. Aerobic Capacity Is Not Associated with Most Cognitive Domains in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-A Cross-Sectional Investigation. 2018, , 272.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

High treatment adherence, satisfaction, motivation, and health-related quality of life with fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis - results from a 24-month, multicenter, open-label Danish study.

Purpose: Treatment adherence is a prerequisite for treatment success and therefore an important consideration to assure that therapeutic goals are achieved both from a patient point of view and for optimal health care resource utilization. Published data on treatment adherence with fingolimod (Gilenya) are limited. Therefore, this study investigated treatment adherence in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with fingolimod in Denmark.

Amorphous salts formed from rapid dehydration of multicomponent chloride and ferric sulfate brines: Implications for Mars.

Salts with high hydration states have the potential to maintain high levels of relative humidity (RH) in the near subsurface of Mars, even at moderate temperatures. These conditions could promote deliquescence of lower hydrates of ferric sulfate, chlorides, and other salts. Previous work on deliquesced ferric sulfates has shown that when these materials undergo rapid dehydration, such as that which would occur upon exposure to present day Martian surface conditions, an amorphous phase forms.

The six-spot-step test - a new method for monitoring walking ability in patients with chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the six-spot-step test (SSST) is more suitable for monitoring walking ability in patients with chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy than the timed 25-foot-walking test (T25FW). In the SSST, participants have to walk as quickly as possible across a field measuring 1 × 5 m, while kicking blocks out of five circles on the floor. Sixty-two patients and 61 controls performed the SSST and T25FW.