2024 Egyptian consensus statement on the role of non-statin therapies for LDL cholesterol lowering in different patient risk categories.

Background: The new millennium has witnessed increased understanding of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and improvement in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) management. The role of LDL cholesterol and other atherogenic lipid particles in the development of atherosclerosis is now beyond doubt.

Main Body: Statins have been widely used and recommended in guidelines for preventing and managing ischemic events.

The Egyptian Association of Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis (EAVA) Perspectives on the Usage of Inclisiran.

Background: Elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) is still a hugely unmet need in the reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In the published CardioRisk project in Egypt, up to 71% of female participants had dyslipidemia. Control of LDL-c levels and thus improvement of hyperlipidemia is quite often very difficult.

Egyptian Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Association Consensus on the Use of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Heart failure (HF) is a common cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors decrease HF events by 27-39% in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Safety and efficacy outcomes at 1 year after MitraClip therapy for percutaneous mitral valve repair in patients with severe mitral regurgitation: the Egyptian experience.

Background: Our aim was to assess safety and efficacy outcomes at 1 year after MitraClip for percutaneous mitral valve repair in patients with severe mitral regurgitation. Twenty consecutive patients with significant MR (GIII or GIV) were selected according to the AHA/ACC guidelines from June 2016 to June 2019 and underwent percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair using MitraClip with a whole 1 year follow-up following the procedure. The primary acute safety endpoint was a 30-day freedom from any of the major adverse events (MAEs) or rehospitalization for heart failure.

Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndrome: final data of the nationwide cross-sectional 'CardioRisk' project.

Background: Little are known about the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Objective: Describe the prevalence of these risk factors with focus on gender-specific data and patients with premature presentation.

Methods: From November 2015 to August 2018, data were collected from 3224 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centers covering 11 governorates across Egypt, with focus premature ACS.

Egyptian Association of Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis (EAVA) consensus on the usage of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors.

Background: The current expert view of the PCSK9 inhibitors' use in Egypt is still ambiguous.

Main Body: Hyperlipidemia is an important, if not the most important, risk factor for the occurrence of atherosclerosis worldwide. Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East and North Africa and has > 15% of the cardiovascular deaths in the region.

The pattern of risk-factor profile in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndrome: phase II of the Egyptian cross-sectional CardioRisk project.

Background: Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East and North Africa and has more than 15% of the cardiovascular deaths in the region, but little is known about the prevalence of traditional risk factors and treatment strategies in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients across Egypt.

Methods: From November 2015 to August 2017, data were collected from 1 681 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centres, covering 11 governorates across Egypt, spanning the Mediterranean coast, Nile Delta and Upper Egypt, with a focus on risk factors and management strategies.

Results: Women constituted 25% of the patients.

Effects of exercise in combination with autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation for patients with type 1 diabetes.

Stem cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Previous studies recommended regular exercise for the control of T1D. Experimental studies showed that a combination of stem cells and exercise yielded a better outcome.

Restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary chronic total occlusion. The central role of an optimized immediate post-procedural angiographic result.

Background: Factors of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) have not been fully explored. In particular, although the last ACC/AHA guidelines on PCI suggest that a minimum diameter stenosis of 10% with an optimal goal of as close to 0% as possible should be the new benchmark for lesions treated by stenting, angiographic success of PCI for CTO remains in the literature most often defined as a <30% residual diameter stenosis. Whether an optimized immediate post-PCI angiographic result (OAR) defined by a minimal diameter stenosis as close to 0% is associated with a lower restenosis rate in this subset of coronary lesions remains unknown.

Usefulness of SYNTAX score II in complex percutaneous coronary interventions in the setting of acute coronary syndrome.

Background: SYNTAX score II (SS II) integrates anatomical SS with clinical characteristics allowing an individualized prediction of long-term mortality.

Aims: We sought to assess to evaluate the usefulness of SS II in a real-world acute coronary syndromes (ACS) population with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: From August 2011 to May 2013, out of 1591 consecutive patients admitted for ACS, 217 (13.

Transcarotid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Feasibility and Safety.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of transcarotid transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background: Many candidates for TAVR have challenging vascular anatomy that precludes transfemoral access. Transcarotid arterial access may be an option for such patients.

Long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of the mini-STAR technique as a bailout strategy for percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusion.

Background: A promising variant of the subintimal tracking and re-entry (STAR) technique, called "mini-STAR," has been recently described as a successful rescue technique after revascularization failure by conventional techniques for coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO).

Methods: The current study enrolled patients with CTO who underwent successful revascularization by the mini-STAR technique as a bailout strategy. Two-year clinical follow-up and angiographic control procedures were performed.

Incidence, treatment, and in-hospital outcome of bifurcation lesions in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions for chronic total occlusions.

Background: Bifurcation lesions represent a distinct lesion subset associated with an increased risk of procedural complications. Data on the incidence, treatment, and outcome of bifurcation lesions associated with chronic total occlusions are limited.

Methods: Among chronic total occlusion procedures performed by a single experienced operator, patients with a bifurcation lesion within the chronic total occlusion vessel and a side branch reference diameter greater than or equal to 2.

Renal sympathetic denervation for treatment of resistant hypertension: Egyptian experience.

Background: Among the Egyptian population with essential hypertension, a minority are under control (systolic pressure <140 mmHg and diastolic pressure <90 mmHg), despite the use of multiple antihypertensive medications. In this article, we describe our experience with percutaneous treatment using renal artery radiofrequency (RF) ablation.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of catheter-based radiofrequency renal sympathetic denervation for treatment of resistant hypertension in Egyptian patients.

Long-term clinical outcome and routine angiographic follow-up after successful recanalization of complex coronary true chronic total occlusion with a long stent length: a single-center experience.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical and angiographic outcomes after successful recanalization of chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) with implantation of a long total stent length (SL).

Background: Routine follow-up angiogram (RFUA) data after successful recanalization of CTO with a long SL are lacking.

Methods: RFUAs were performed at 6 months after successful recanalization of 106 CTOs using drug-eluting stents (DESs) with a long SL (≥ 20 mm) in 102 consecutive patients.

Immediate and long-term results of a modified simultaneous kissing stenting for percutaneous coronary intervention of coronary artery bifurcation lesions.

Objectives: We propose a modified simultaneous kissing stenting technique (MSKS) based on systematic implantation of a protective stent in the proximal main vessel (PMV) proximally to the bifurcation before simultaneous kissing stenting (SKS).

Background: SKS has been proposed in large-size coronary vessel bifurcation lesions (BLs) when the PMV can accommodate two stents. SKS implies, however, low-pressure simultaneous final balloon inflations to avoid retrograde PMV dissection or rupture and therefore may not ensure optimal final stent apposition.

Simultaneous dual vascular access site for the treatment of coronary artery bifurcation lesions by complex 2-stent technique.

Objectives: To propose an original approach based on simultaneous dual vascular access site (DAS) using 2 small-size guiding catheters to easily perform complex 2-stent techniques for bifurcation coronary lesions (BL).

Background: Simultaneous kissing stenting and classic crush technique require large 7 or 8Fr guiding catheters leading to large amounts of contrast medium, vascular access site complications, and sometimes frictions or criss-cross of the 2-stent delivery systems.

Methods: DAS was used in 30 patients with BL (11 radio-radial, 16 radio-femoral, and 3 femoro-femoral).

Return to work after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the modern era of reperfusion by direct percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Previous studies have evaluated return to work after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated medically, after bypass surgery or after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable coronary artery disease. However, there are few data regarding return to work after acute STEMI treated by direct PCI.

Aims: To analyse the factors influencing return to work after STEMI treated by direct PCI.

Cutting balloon angioplasty in percutaneous carotid interventions.

Purpose: To report a prospective feasibility study of cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) applied in the predilation phase of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in highly calcified lesions.

Methods: From January 2003 to February 2007, 178 consecutive patients (109 men; mean age 73.1+/-7.