National screening for developmental delays and their determinants among Egyptian school age children: A step towards implementing life skills programs.

Aim: This study aimed to estimate the national prevalence of developmental delays (DDs) and their determinants among Egyptian children aged 6 to 12 years. Such estimation is a prerequisite step toward the application of Life Skill Education (LSE) programs that will potentiate children's future capabilities.

Methods: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales" was used as a reliable and diagnostic test for DDs screening during this national cross sectional study.

Efficacy of Laser Acupuncture for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clinical, Molecular, and Biochemical Study.

Background: Low-level laser acupuncture (LLLA) biostimulation could contribute to improving the symptoms and communication of children manifesting autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Photobiomodulation might influence the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and miR-320 expression. The aim was to investigate the influence of LLLA biostimulation on the severity, language abilities, BDNF levels, and miR-320 in a sample of children with ASD.

National screening for Egyptian children aged 1 year up to 12 years at high risk of Autism and its determinants: a step for determining what ASD surveillance needs.

This study aimed to provide a national estimate of the prevalence of the high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their determinants. A national screening survey was conducted for 41,640 Egyptian children aged 1 to 12 years in two phases. Tools used were Vineland's Adaptive Behavior Scales, Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Gilliam Autism Rating scale, and Denver II Developmental screening test.

Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Egyptian children and adolescents with type1 diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients are at an increased risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical criteria associated with the diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among T1DM Egyptian children and adolescents.

Methods: 74 T1DM patients aged 8-18 year were enrolled in this cross sectional study.

Comparative study of National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) chest algorithm and extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (E-FAST) in the early detection of blunt chest injuries in polytrauma patients.

Introduction: Chest imaging plays a prominent role in the assessment of patients with blunt trauma. Selection of the right approach at the right time is fundamental in the management of patients with blunt chest trauma[1] A reliable, economic, bedside, and rapidly accomplished screening test can be pivotal. [2].

Combination of Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Scan and Detection of Hematuria to Exclude Intra-abdominal Injuries Following Blunt Abdominal Trauma.

Background Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is the most common pattern of abdominal traumas. It may be associated with intra-abdominal injuries (IAIs). Exploratory laparotomies are only needed in a minority of patients after BAT.

Fat in the Fossa and the Sphenoid Sinus: A Simple and Effective Solution to CSF Leaks in Transsphenoidal Surgery. Cohort Study and Systematic Review.

 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) remains a challenge and is associated with high morbidity. We perform a primary repair with f at in the pituitary f ossa and further fat in the s phenoid sinus (FFS). We compare the efficacy of this FFS technique with other repair methods and perform a systematic review.

Sialic acid and anti-ganglioside M1 antibodies are invaluable biomarkers correlated with the severity of autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are devastating neurodevelopmental disorders that showed global increased prevalence. They are characterized by impairment of social communication and stereotyped patterns.

Objective: This study aimed at measuring the levels of total sialic acid (SA) and anti-ganglioside M1 (anti- GM1) IgG antibodies as essential biomarkers in a cohort of children with ASD to identify their diagnostic yield as well as their correlation with the severity of autistic behaviors.

A Randomized Controlled Trial for Prevention of Postspinal Anesthesia Shivering in Gynecological Surgeries: Mirtazapine vs. Dexamethasone.

Background: The frequency of shivering regarding regional anesthesia is 55%. Newer effective and tolerable options for postspinal anesthesia shivering (PSAS) prophylaxis are necessary to improve patients' quality of care. This research assessed the impact of preemptive mirtazapine versus preemptive dexamethasone to decrease frequency and severity of PSAS in gynecological procedures.

Impact of implementation of sequential trauma education programs (STEPs) course on missed injuries in emergency polytrauma patients, Ismailia, Egypt.

Introduction: Trauma deaths account for 8% of all deaths in Egypt. Patients with multiple injuries are at high risk but may be saved with a good triage system and a well-trained trauma team in dedicated institutions. The incidence of missed injuries in the Emergency Centre (EC) of Suez Canal University Hospital (SCUH) was found to be 9.

Delay in hospital discharge of trauma patients in a University Hospital in Egypt: A prospective observational study.

Introduction: "Delayed discharge" is defined as patients who remain hospitalised beyond the time of being fit for discharge after a decision of discharge has been made by the managing team. There is no standardised amount of time defining delayed discharge documented in the literature, and there is a lack of evidence about this topic in Egypt. This study is a quality improvement project aiming to identify the factors associated with discharge delays at a single centre in Egypt in order to address this issue.

Postspinal anesthesia shivering in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries: a randomized controlled comparison between paracetamol and dexamethasone.

Background: Shivering is known to be a frequent complication in patients undergoing surgery under neuraxial anesthesia with incidence of 40-70%. Although many pharmacological agents have been used to treat or prevent postspinal anesthesia shivering (PSAS), the ideal treatment wasn't found. This study evaluated the efficacy of paracetamol and dexamethasone to prevent PSAS in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries.

Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Preclinical Studies.

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, 64 candidate vaccines are in clinical development and 173 are in the pre-clinical phase. Five types of vaccines are currently approved for emergency use in many countries (Inactivated, Sinopharm; Viral-vector, Astrazeneca, and Gamaleya Research Institute; mRNA, Moderna, and BioNTech/Pfizer). The main challenge in this pandemic was the availability to produce an effective vaccine to be distributed to the world's population in a short time.

Egyptian school children awareness and precautions in Covid19 pandemic: a cross sectional survey study.

Background: COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is showing a wide global spread, and urgent joint international efforts is required to the control of this pandemic, the awareness of people towards infectious viruses still the main factor to limit the widespread of disease. The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness and attitude towards COVID-19 among a sample of Egyptian school children, using a web-based questionnaire.

Results: A total of 708 participants were involved in this online survey study, representing different areas in Egypt, 378 males (53.

Potential Value of miR-23a for Discriminating Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder from Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Until now, no laboratory test or test set can guarantee the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) at early disease stages, and the disease symptoms may interfere with many other disease conditions. Analyzing the expression of circulating miRNAs may provide a useful approach for early and differential MS diagnosis. The main objective is assessment of the potential of serum miR-23a, miR-155, and miR-572 to differentiate between MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases.

New approach to differentiate primary from latent Toxoplasma gondii abortion through immunoglobulin and DNA interpretation.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an acute or latent zoonotic abortifacient human protozoan. Women may be aborted due to recent or latent infection during pregnancy or order to flare up of the dormant bradyzoites to acute tachyzoites (latent opportunistic relapse).

Aims: 1) to validate the interpretation of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins seromonotoring with DNA comparative results in differentiating recent from latent T.

Rhipicephalus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Control by Nigella sativa, Thyme and Spinosad Preparations.

Background: Several compounds obtained from plants have potential insecticidal, growth deterrent or repellent characteristics. The control of hard ticks by non-chemical substances was targeted in this study.

Methods: The effect of 36 materials on in-vitro ticks was studied, including 2 absolute controls (water only or absolute ethyl alcohol only), 6 conventionally used spinosad preparations (aqueous solutions), 12 Nigella sativa (N.

Immune response to second vaccination series of hepatitis B virus among booster dose non-responders.

Objective: To evaluate the response to second vaccination series among post-booster sero-negative children who had previously received compulsory HBV vaccination.

Subjects And Methods: After given a booster dose to 1070 children, 103 of them failed to generate anamnestic response (anti-HBs <10 IU/L). Only 91/103 children received additional two doses of recombinant HBV vaccine (i.

Assessment of Rose Bengal test in diagnosing Egyptian human brucellosis.

A total of 30 patients suffering from brucellosis were suspected based on history taking, clinical manifestations and positive serum tube agglutination test (at titer > or = 1/160). The followings were done for all cases; complete blood picture (differential leucocytic count) and liver function tests, serodiagnosis of Brucella (serum tube agglutination test (STAT) as well as Rose Bengal test (RBT) and PCR. The study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of RBT as compared to STAT and PCR for human brucellosis, and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the cost and the time consuming of RBT as compared to STAT and PCR.